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arXiv 2201.06856hep-phastro-ph.CO
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具有偶然$\mathbb{Z}^{}_4$对称性的标量和费米子双分量SIMP暗物质

Scalar and Fermion Two-component SIMP Dark Matter with an Accidental $\mathbb{Z}^{}_4$ Symmetry

Shu-Yu Ho, Pyungwon Ko, Chih-Ting Lu

摘要:

在本文中,我们首次构建了一个两分量强相互作用大质量粒子(SIMP)暗物质(DM)模型,其中一个复标量和一个矢量类费米子扮演SIMP DM候选者的角色。这两个粒子是稳定的,因为在$\text{U}(1)^{}_\textsf{D}$规范对称性破缺后,偶然出现了$\mathbb{Z}^{}_4$对称性。通过引入一个额外的复杂标量作为SIMP粒子之间的介体,该模型可以有$3 \to 2$过程,决定DM残留物的密度。另一方面,SIMP DM颗粒可以通过$\text{U}(1)^{}_\textsf{D}$计量器耦合与热浴保持动力学平衡,直到DM冻结温度。最重要的是,我们发现了一个不可避免的双环诱导$2 \to 2$过程紧密连接到$3 \to 2$过程,将重新分配的SIMP DM数密度后,DM的化学冻结。此外,这种重新分配将显着修改DM的自相互作用截面的预测相比,其他SIMP模型。为了得到正确的DM现象,包括双环诱导的$2 \to 2$湮灭是至关重要的。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we construct for the first time a two-component strongly interacting massive particles (SIMP) dark matter (DM) model, where a complex scalar and a vector-like fermion play the role of the SIMP DM candidates. These two particles are stable due to an accidental $\mathbb{Z}^{}_4$ symmetry after the breaking of a $\text{U}(1)^{}_\textsf{D}$ gauge symmetry. By introducing one extra complex scalar as a mediator between the SIMP particles, this model can have $3 \to 2$ processes that determine the DM relic density. On the other hand, the SIMP DM particles can maintain kinetic equilibrium with the thermal bath until the DM freeze-out temperature via the $\text{U}(1)^{}_\textsf{D}$ gauge couplings. Most importantly, we find an unavoidable two-loop induced $2 \to 2$ process tightly connecting to the $3 \to 2$ process that would redistribute the SIMP DM number densities after the chemical freeze-out of DM. Moreover, this redistribution would significantly modify the predictions of the self-interacting cross section of DM compared with other SIMP models. It is crucial to include the two-loop induced $2 \to 2$ annihilations to obtain the correct DM phenomenology.

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