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arXiv 2201.04637astro-ph.GA
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用相空间螺旋IV称量银河系圆盘。对三维星系模拟的测试

Weighing the Galactic disk using phase-space spirals IV. Tests on a three-dimensional galaxy simulation

Axel Widmark, Jason A. S. Hunt, Chervin F. P. Laporte, Giacomo Monari

摘要:

在这第四篇关于使用相空间螺旋形状来衡量银河系盘的文章中,我们已经在十亿粒子三维N体模拟中测试了我们的方法,该模拟由一个类似银河系的主星系和一个合并的矮卫星组成。这项工作的主要目的是测试我们的模型的基本假设的有效性,即螺旋居住在一个局部静态和垂直可分离的引力势。这些假设可能会在一个受扰的三维盘星系的复杂运动学系统中受到损害;事实上,与这些假设相关的统计不确定性和任何潜在的偏差预计将在这个模拟中被放大,这与银河系不同,因为它受到更强烈的扰动,并且具有相空间螺旋,具有更高的垂直能量。我们从模拟的宿主星系中的不同空间位置构建了44个独立的数据样本。我们的方法对这44个数据样本的垂直重力位产生了准确的结果,误差的无偏分布的标准差为7%。我们还在严重和未知的空间相关选择效应下测试了我们的方法,也获得了稳健的结果;这使其与传统的动态质量测量不同,传统的动态质量测量基于稳态假设,并且对未知或模型不完整性高度敏感。因此,我们将能够对银河系盘中遥远区域进行局部质量测量,否则这将受到复杂且知之甚少的选择效应的影响。

英文摘要:

In this fourth article on weighing the Galactic disk using the shape of the phase-space spiral, we have tested our method on a billion particle three-dimensional N-body simulation, comprised of a Milky Way like host galaxy and a merging dwarf satellite. The main purpose of this work was to test the validity of our model's fundamental assumptions that the spiral inhabits a locally static and vertically separable gravitational potential. These assumptions might be compromised in the complex kinematic system of a disturbed three-dimensional disk galaxy; in fact, the statistical uncertainty and any potential biases related to these assumptions are expected to be amplified for this simulation, which differs from the Milky Way in that it is more strongly perturbed and has a phase-space spiral that inhabits higher vertical energies. We constructed 44 separate data samples from different spatial locations in the simulated host galaxy. Our method produced accurate results for the vertical gravitational potential of these 44 data samples, with an unbiased distribution of errors with a standard deviation of 7 %. We also tested our method under severe and unknown spatially dependent selection effects, also with robust results; this sets it apart from traditional dynamical mass measurements that are based on the assumption of a steady state and which are highly sensitive to unknown or poorly modelled incompleteness. Hence, we will be able to make localised mass measurements of distant regions in the Milky Way disk, which would otherwise be compromised by complex and poorly understood selection effects.

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