By exploiting the diffeomorphism invariance we relate the finite size effects of massless theories to their Weyl anomaly. We show that the universal contributions to the finite size effects are determined by certain coefficient functions in the heat kernel expansion of the related wave operators. For massless scalars confined in a $4$-dimensional curved spacetime with boundary the relevant coefficients are given -- confirming the results of Moss and Dowker and also of Branson and Gilkey. We apply the general results to theories on bounded regions in two- and four-dimensional flat space-times and determine the change of the effective action under arbitrary conformal deformations of the regions.
We study Weyl symmetry for non-relativistic conformal filed theories on curved spatial spaces, and calculate it's quantum anomaly. We show that there is no geometric anomaly, and the non-relativistic Weyl anomaly can appear only due to interaction. Also we study the anomaly by using the light-cone approach.
We calculate the conformal anomaly from 5d Weyl gravity (with broken conformal symmetry) which is conjectured to be supergravity dual to ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal field theory via AdS/CFT correspondence. Its comparison with ${\cal N}=2$ SCFT conformal anomaly (UV calculation) suggests that such duality may exist subject to presence of sub-leading 1/N corrections to cosmological and gravitational constants.
We consider possible ambiguities in the holographic Weyl anomaly that are caused by local terms in the flow equation. We point out that such ambiguities actually do not give physically meaningful contributions to the Weyl anomaly.
The relation between super-Virasoro anomaly and super-Weyl anomaly in $N=1$ NSR superstring coupled with 2D supergravity is investigated from canonical theoretical view point. The WZW action canceling the super-Virasoro anomaly is explicitly constructed. It is super-Weyl invariant but nonlocal functional of 2D supergravity. The nonlocality can be remedied by the super-Liouvlle action, which in turn recovers the super-Weyl anomaly. The final gravitational effective action turns out to be local but noncovariant super-Liouville action, describing the dynamical behavior of the super-Liouville fiel…
In CP-violating conformal field theories in four dimensions, the Pontryagin density can appear in the Weyl anomaly. The Pontryagin density in the Weyl anomaly is consistent, but it has a peculiar feature that the parent three-point function of the energy-momentum tensor can violate CP only (semi-)locally. In this paper, we study the supersymmetric completion of the Pontryagin density in the Weyl anomaly, where the central charge $c$ effectively becomes a complex number. The supersymmetry suggests that it accompanies the graviphoton $θ$ term associated with the R-symmetry gauging in the Weyl an…
We present a candidate of anomaly and Wess Zumino action of the two dimensional supergravity coupling with matters in a super-Weyl invariant regularization. It is a generalization of the Weyl and the area preserving \Diff invariant formulation of two dimensional gravity theory.
Weyl Anomaly in the dilaton-scalar system in 2 dimensional gravity is examined. We take the heat-kernel regularization for the ultraviolet divergences. Generally the Weyl anomaly is determined by the 2nd order differential (elliptic) operator of the system and the definition of the measure. We have the freedom of the operator choice caused by the arbitrariness of total divergences (surface terms) in the action. We examine the Weyl anomaly in connection with such points and the hermiticity of the operator.
This note is a comment on some recent papers that have raised a controversy about the existence of the odd-parity trace anomaly in a four-dimensional theory of Weyl fermions. Without going into too technical details we explain why the methods employed in those papers cannot detect it.
We examine the Weyl anomaly for a four-dimensional z=3 Lifshitz scalar coupled to Horava's theory of anisotropic gravity. We find a one-loop break-down of scale-invariance at second order in the gravitational background.
Considering arbitrary conformal field theories in general (non-conformally flat) backgrounds, we adopt a dimensional regularization approach to obtain stress tensors from Weyl anomalies. The results of type A anomaly-induced stress tensors in four and six-dimensions generalize the previous results calculated in a conformally flat background. On the other hand, regulators are needed to have well-defined type B anomaly-induced stress tensors. We also discuss ambiguities related to type D anomalies, Weyl invariants and order of limit issues.
Once we put a quantum field theory on a curved manifold, it is natural to further assume that coupling constants are position dependent. The position dependent coupling constants then provide an extra contribution to the Weyl anomaly so that we may attempt to cancel the entire Weyl anomaly on the curved manifold. We show that such a cancellation is possible for constant Weyl transformation or infinitesimal but generic Weyl transformation in two and four dimensional conformal field theories with exactly marginal deformations. When the Weyl scaling factor is annihilated by conformal powers of La…
We calculate the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion coupled to gravity by using Fujikawa's method supplemented by the choice of a consistent regulator. The latter is constructed out of Pauli-Villars regulating fields. The motivation for presenting such a calculation stems from recent studies that suggest that the trace anomaly of chiral fermions in four dimensions might contain an imaginary part proportional to the Pontryagin density. We find that the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion is given by half the trace anomaly of a Dirac fermion, so that no imaginary part proportional to the Pontryagin den…
We explore the connection between the holographic Weyl anomaly and the superconformal index in six-dimensional $(1,0)$ theories. Using earlier results from holographic computations of the $\mathcal O(1)$ contributions $δa$ and $δ(c-a)$ to the corresponding six-dimensional Weyl anomaly coefficients, we derive a pair of differential operators that extracts these values from the large-$N$ single-trace index. In doing so, we also highlight the structure of these corrections in terms of group theory invariants of the superconformal representations.
We study the trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion in an abelian gauge background. Although the presence of the chiral anomaly implies a breakdown of gauge invariance, we find that the trace anomaly can be cast in a gauge invariant form. In particular, we find that it does not contain any odd-parity contribution proportional to the Chern-Pontryagin density. The latter would be allowed by the consistency conditions. We perform our calculations using Pauli-Villars regularization and heat kernel methods. The issue is analogous to the one recently discussed in the literature about a conjectured contribu…
We review our calculation of the Weyl anomaly for d-dimensional conformal field theories that have a description in terms of a (d + 1)-dimensional gravity theory.
We compute the Weyl anomaly for an abelian Wilson surface by using a regularization that respects the gauge invariance. We then study the loop space on which lives a one-form connection. We restrict ourselves to the subsector consisting of only circular loops, and derive a Maxwell type action on this restricted loop space.
An algorithm to obtain the Weyl anomaly in higher dimensions is presented. It is based on the heat-kernel method. Feynman rules, such as the vertex rule and the propagator rule, are given in (regularized) coordinate space. Graphical calculation is introduced. The 6 dimensional scalar-gravity theory is taken as an example, and its explicit result is obtained.
We compute the complete bulk one-loop contribution to the Weyl anomaly of the boundary theory for IIB Supergravity compactified on $ AdS_5\times S^5$. The result, that $δ{\cal A}=(E+I)/(2π^2)$, reproduces the subleading term in the exact expression ${\cal A}=-(N^2-1)(E+I)/(2π^2)$ for the Weyl anomaly of ${\cal N}=4$ Super-Yang-Mills theory, confirming the Maldacena conjecture. The anomaly receives contributions from all multiplets casting doubt on the possibility of describing the boundary theory beyond leading order in $N$ by a consistent truncation to the `massless' multiplet of IIB Supergra…
The behavior of the divergent part of the bulk AdS/CFT effective action is considered with respect to the special finite diffeomorphism transformations acting on the boundary as a Weyl transformation of the boundary metric. The resulting 1-cocycle of the Weyl group is in full agreement with the 1-cocycle of the Weyl group obtained from the cohomological consideration of the effective action of the corresponding CFT.
We test the Maldacena conjecture for type IIB String Theory/ N=4 Yang-Mills by calculating the one-loop corrections in the bulk theory to the Weyl anomaly of the boundary CFT when the latter is coupled to a Ricci-flat metric. The contributions cancel within each supermultiplet, in agreement with the conjecture.
We study the large source asymptotics of the generating functional in quantum field theory using the holographic renormalization group, and draw comparisons with the asymptotics of the Hopf characteristic function in fractal geometry. Based on the asymptotic behavior, we find a correspondence relating the Weyl anomaly and the fractal dimension of the Euclidean path integral measure. We are led to propose an equivalence between the logarithmic ultraviolet divergence of the Shannon entropy of this measure and the integrated Weyl anomaly, reminiscent of a known relation between logarithmic diverg…
We calculate the Weyl anomaly for conformal field theories that can be described via the adS/CFT correspondence. This entails regularizing the gravitational part of the corresponding supergravity action in a manner consistent with general covariance. Up to a constant, the anomaly only depends on the dimension d of the manifold on which the conformal field theory is defined. We present concrete expressions for the anomaly in the physically relevant cases d = 2, 4 and 6. In d = 2 we find for the central charge c = 3 l/ 2 G_N in agreement with considerations based on the asymptotic symmetry algeb…
We give a complete account of the Schrödinger representation approach to the calculation of the Weyl anomaly of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM from the AdS/CFT correspondence. On the AdS side, the $1/N^2$ correction to the leading order result receives contributions from all the fields of Type IIB Supergravity, the contribution of each field being given by a universal formula. The correct matching with the CFT result is thus a highly non-trivial test of the correspondence.
Two dimensional field theories with Bondi-Metzner-Sachs symmetry have been proposed as duals to asymptotically flat spacetimes in three dimensions. These field theories are naturally defined on null surfaces and hence are conformal cousins of Carrollian theories, where the speed of light goes to zero. In this paper, we initiate an investigation of anomalies in these field theories. Specifically, we focus on the BMS equivalent of Weyl invariance and its breakdown in these field theories and derive an expression for Weyl anomaly. Considering the transformation of partition functions under this s…
In the semiclassical analysis of black hole radiation in matter-coupled dilaton gravity, a one-parameter ``$k$"-family of measures for the path integral quantization of the matter fields is considered. The Weyl anomaly is proportional to the parameter $k$, but the black hole radiation seen by minkowskian observers at future null infinity is $k$-independent.
We compute $\mathcal O(1)$ corrections to the holographic Weyl anomaly for six-dimensional $\mathcal N=(1,0)$ and $(2,0)$ theories using the functional Schrödinger method that is conjectured to work for supersymmetric theories on Ricci-flat backgrounds. We show that these corrections vanish for long representations of the $\mathcal N=(1,0)$ theory, and we obtain an expression for $δ(c-a)$ for short representations with maximum spin two. We also confirm that the one-loop corrections to the $\mathcal N=(2,0)$ M5-brane theory are equal and opposite to the anomaly for the free tensor multiplet. Fi…
We consider the role of quantum effects, mainly, Weyl anomaly in modifying FLRW model singular behavior at early times. Weyl anomaly corrections to FLRW models have been considered in the past, here we reconsider this model and show the following: The singularity of this model is weak according to Tipler and Krolak, therefore, the spacetime might admit a geodesic extension. Weyl anomaly corrections changes the nature of the initial singularity from a big bang singularity to a sudden singularity. The two branches of solutions consistent with the semiclassical treatment form a disconnected manif…
Operators transform anomalously under the symmetry in the presence of quantum anomalies. We study this aspect of the super-Weyl anomaly in $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs), in the context of AdS/CFT. In particular, we carry out holographic renormalization for $(1,1)$ pure AdS$_3$ supergravity that is supposed to be a gravity dual of the $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ SCFT, and derive holographic superconformal Ward identities with corresponding anomalies. We show that the obtained super-Weyl anomaly of the $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ SCFT induces a quantum correction term in the transformat…
Proposals are made to describe the Weyl scaling transformation laws of supercovariant derivatives $\nabla{}_{\underline A}$, the torsion supertensors $T{}_{{\underline A} \, {\underline B}}{}^{\underline C}$, and curvature supertensors $R{}_{{\underline A} \, {\underline B}}{}_{\, \underline c} {}^{\underline d}$ in 10D superspaces. Starting from the proposal that an unconstrained supergravity prepotential for the 11D, $\mathcal{N}$ = 1 theory is described by a scalar superfield, considerations for supergravity prepotentials in the 10D theories are enumerated. We derive infinitesimal 10D super…
This paper is a sequel to arXiv:1309.0785 were we computed the Weyl anomaly a-coefficient on d-sphere for higher-derivative conformal higher spin field in d=4 and shown that it matches the expression found in arXiv:1306.5242 by a "holographic" method from a ratio of massless higher spin determinants in AdS_5. Here we repeat the same computation on 6-sphere and demonstrate that the result agrees again with the one following from AdS_7. We also discuss explicitly similar matching in the d=2 case.
We give a prescription for calculating the holographic Weyl anomaly in arbitrary dimension within the framework based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation proposed by de Boer, Verlinde and Verlinde. A few sample calculations are made and shown to reproduce the results that are obtained to this time with a different method. We further discuss continuum limits, and argue that the holographic renormalization group may describe the renormalized trajectory in the parameter space. We also clarify the relationship of the present formalism to the analysis carried out by Henningson and Skenderis.
We present the method that the pair production of particles is described as a Fock space state vector, where the pair production stems from receiving energy from, as an example, gravitational background field. At the same time we show a sort of new mechanism that in the diffeomorphism-invariant Dirac sea the Weyl symmetry is broken due to the pair production and this provides us a new physical interpretation of the origin of Weyl anomaly. In the present paper at the first place, we consider two kinds of background space-time which are connected each other by the Weyl transformation. It is show…
We calculate the trace and axial anomalies of $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal theories with exactly marginal deformations, on a surface with boundary. Extending recent work by Gomis et al, we derive the boundary contribution that captures the anomalous scale dependence of the one-point functions of exactly marginal operators. Integration of the bulk super-Weyl anomaly shows that the sphere partition function computes the Kähler potential $K(λ, \barλ)$ on the superconformal manifold. Likewise, our results confirm the conjecture that the partition function on the supersymmetric hemisphere com…
We develop a general approach to simplify the derivation of the holographic Weyl anomaly. As an application, we derive the holographic Weyl anomaly from general higher derivative gravity in asymptotically $AdS_{5}$ and $AdS_{7}$. Interestingly, to derive all the central charges of 4d and 6d CFTs, we make no use of equations of motion. Following Myers' idea, we propose a formula of holographic entanglement entropy for higher derivative gravity in asymptotically $AdS_5$. Applying this formula, we obtain the correct universal term of entanglement entropy for 4d CFTs. It turns out that our formula…
The Weyl anomaly problem is treated within a purely geometrical context. Arguments are given that hint at a possible classical origin of the conformal anomaly in the Riemannian nature of the background geometry where the matter fields play out their dynamics. Some considerations allowing for a possible resolution of the Weyl anomaly problem are briefly outlined. Following the spirit of the standard model of the fundamental interactions, it is argued that the Weyl anomaly should be a consequence of the breaking of the gauge symmetry at some stage during the evolution of the universe.
We study the trace and chiral anomalies of Weyl fermions in a non-abelian gauge background in four dimensions. Using a Pauli-Villars regularization we identify the trace anomaly, proving that it can be cast in a gauge invariant form, even in the presence of the non-abelian chiral anomaly, that we rederive to check the consistency of our methods. In particular, we find that the trace anomaly does not contain any parity-odd topological contribution, whose presence has been debated in the recent literature.
Starting from the Wess-Zumino action associated to the super Weyl anomaly, we determine the local counterterm which allows to pass from this anomaly to the chirally split superdiffeomorphism anomaly (as defined on a compact super Riemann surface without boundary). The counterterm involves the graded extension of the Verlinde functional and the results can be applied to the study of holomorphic factorization of partition functions in superconformal field theory.
Recently a generalization of the Fefferman-Graham gauge for asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes, called the Weyl-Fefferman-Graham (WFG) gauge, has been proposed. It was shown that the WFG gauge induces a Weyl geometry on the conformal boundary. The Weyl geometry consists of a metric and a Weyl connection. Thus, this is a useful setting for studying dual field theories with background Weyl symmetry. Working in the WFG formalism, we find the generalization of obstruction tensors, which are Weyl-covariant tensors that appear as poles in the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the bulk metric for even…
The γ-trace anomaly of supersymmetry current in a supersymmetric gauge theory shares a superconformal anomaly multiplet with the chiral R-symmetry anomaly and the Weyl anomaly, and its holographic reproduction is a valuable test to the AdS/CFT correspondence conjecture. We investigate how the γ-trace anomaly of the supersymmetry current of {\cal N}=1 four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theory in an {\cal N}=1 conformal supergravity background can be extracted out from the ${\cal N}=2$ gauged supergravity in five dimensions. It is shown that the reproduction of this super-Weyl anomaly origina…
We study whether the relations between the Weyl anomaly, entanglement entropy (EE), and thermal entropy of a two-dimensional (2D) conformal field theory (CFT) extend to 2D boundaries of 3D CFTs, or 2D defects of $D \geq 3$ CFTs. The Weyl anomaly of a 2D boundary or defect defines two or three central charges, respectively. One of these, $b$, obeys a c-theorem, as in 2D CFT. For a 2D defect, we show that another, $d_2$, interpreted as the defect's `conformal dimension,' must be non-negative by the Averaged Null Energy Condition (ANEC). We show that the EE of a sphere centered on a planar defect…
Energy momentum tensors of higher-derivative free scalar conformal field theories in flat spacetime are discussed. Two algorithms for the computation of energy momentum tensors are described, which accomplish different goals: the first is brute-force and highlights the complexity of the energy momentum tensors, while the second displays some features of their geometric origin as variations of Weyl invariant curved-space actions. New compact expressions for energy momentum tensors are given and specific obstructions to defining them as conformal primary operators in some spacetime dimensions ar…
In this paper we will consider the Almheiri-Polchinski model of the AdS$_2$ back reaction coupled with Liouville field, which is necessary for quantum consistency. In this model, the Liouville field is determined classically by a bulk conformal transformation. The boundary time is also reparametrized by this transformation. It is shown that the on-shell action on the boundary for the gravity sector is given by a bulk integral containing the Liouville field. This integral stems from Weyl anomaly and is SL(2,R) invariant. A prescription is given for computing correlation functions of the operato…
It was recently discovered that for a boundary system in the presence of a background magnetic field, the quantum fluctuation of the vacuum would create a non-uniform magnetization density for the vacuum and a magnetization current is induced in the vacuum. It was also shown that this magnetic Casimir effect of the vacuum is closely related to another quantum effect of the vacuum, the Weyl anomaly. Furthermore, the phenomena can be understood in terms of the holography of the boundary system. In this article, we review the derivation of this phenomena from QFT as well as the derivation of it u…
We use the relation between certain diffeomorphisms in the bulk and Weyl transformations on the boundary to build the conformal structure of the metric in the presence of matter in the bulk. We explicitly obtain the conformal anomaly in any spacetime dimension d in a holographic frame work in the case of gravity coupled to the scalar fields. This way we also provide a holographic construction of the bulk spacetime metric and of the matter fields in the bulk of this spacetime out of sources that are related to conformal field theory data. With the latter, we produce an asymptotic expansion of t…
For a classical superconformal gauge theory in a conformal supergravity background, its chiral R-symmetry anomaly, Weyl anomaly and super-Weyl anomaly constitute a supermultiplet. We review how these anomalies arise from the five-dimensional gauged supergravity in terms of the AdS/CFT correspondence at the gravity level. The holographic production of this full superconformal anomaly multiplet provides a support and test to the celebrated AdS/CFT conjecture.
The Fermi liquid has an emergent low-energy symmetry that corresponds to charge conservation at each momentum on the Ferm surface. Recently Else, Thorngren and Senthil (ETS) argued that the emergent symmetry had a specific t'Hooft anomaly. We give a simple derivation of the ETS anomaly using the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions.
We show that Weyl semimetals exhibit a mixed axial-torsional anomaly in the presence of axial torsion, a concept exclusive of these materials with no known natural fundamental interpretation in terms of the geometry of spacetime. This anomaly implies a nonconservation of the axial current---the difference in current of left- and right-handed chiral fermions---when the torsion of the spacetime in which the Weyl fermions move couples with opposite sign to different chiralities. The anomaly is activated by driving transverse sound waves through a Weyl semimetal with a spatially varying tilted dis…
We show that a conformal anomaly in Weyl/Dirac semimetals generates a bulk electric current perpendicular to a temperature gradient and the direction of a background magnetic field. The associated conductivity of this novel contribution to the Nernst effect is fixed by a beta function associated with the electric charge renormalization in the material.
We study some of the transport processes which are specific to an ideal gas of relativistic Weyl fermions and relate the corresponding transport coefficients to various anomaly coefficients of the system. We propose that these transport processes can be thought of as arising from the continuous injection of chiral states and their subsequent adiabatic flow driven by vorticity. This in turn leads to an elegant expression relating the anomaly induced transport coefficients to the anomaly polynomial of the Ideal Weyl gas.
In this letter we wish to clarify in which sense the tensor nature of the commutation relations [x^mu,x^nu]=i theta ^{mu nu} underlying Minkowski spacetime quantisation cannot be suppressed even in the twisted approach to Lorentz covariance. We then address the vexata quaestio "why theta"?
The main result of this paper is that the Weyl anomaly of a $z=2$ (1+1)-dimensional Lifshitz effective action can be derived from a (2+1)-dimensional non-relativistic Schr$\mathrm{\ddot{o}}$dinger-invariant Chern-Simons (NRSCS) action which was shown to be equivalent to a specific Weyl-invariant non-projectable Horava-Lifshitz action of gravity. On a manifold with a boundary, we will show that the (1+1)-dimensional Lifshitz Weyl anomaly can be derived from a specific term, the torsional CS (tCS) term, in the NRSCS action built from the gauge fields of the Weyl and special conformal symmetry ge…
In this paper, we investigate Casimir effect, Weyl anomaly and displacement operator for boundary conformal field theory in general dimensions. We find universal relations between them. In particular, they are all determined by the central charge of boundary conformal field theory. We verify these relations by studying free BCFTs and holographic BCFTs. As a byproduct, we obtain the holographic two point function of stress tensor when the bulk boundary is perpendicular to the AdS boundary.
Recently it is found that Weyl anomaly leads to new anomalous currents in an external electromagnetic field in the curved spacetime. For simplicity, the initial works mainly focus on weak gravitational fields and the anomalous current is obtained for conformally flat spaces with small scale factors. In this paper, we generalize the results to the case with arbitrary scale factors. Firstly, we derive the transformation law of current under Weyl transformation, from which one can read off the anomalous current in general conformally flat spaces. Secondly, by using the Weyl transformation of curr…
