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arXiv 2201.03972eess.SYcs.SY
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具有灵活服务操作的电动汽车充电调度

Electric vehicle charge scheduling with flexible service operations

Patrick Sean Klein, Maximilian Schiffer

摘要:

部署大型电动车辆车队的运营商通常面临具有挑战性的充电调度问题。具体来说,时间效率低下的充电操作限制了服务操作期间充电的盈利能力,例如运营商在中央停车场下班后为车辆充电。在这里,高投资成本和电网容量限制了可用的充电基础设施,使得运营商需要安排充电操作以保持车队的运营。在这种情况下,灵活的服务操作,即允许延迟或加快车辆离开,可以潜在地增加充电器的利用率。除此之外,联合调度充电和服务运营有望通过更好地利用使用时间能源关税和精心设计的充电时间表来节省运营成本,以最大限度地减少电池磨损。在此背景下,我们研究了联合充电和服务运营调度问题占电池退化,非线性充电,和使用时间的能源关税。我们提出了一个精确的分支&价格算法,利用自定义分支规则和原始启发式在分支&界限阶段保持高效。此外,我们开发了一个精确的标记算法,我们的定价问题,构成一个资源约束的最短路径问题,考虑可变的能源价格和非线性充电操作。我们基准我们的算法在一个全面的数值研究,并表明,它可以解决现实规模的计算时间低于一个小时的问题实例,从而使其在实践中的应用。此外,我们分析了联合调度收费和服务操作的好处。我们发现,我们的集成方法不仅可以节省高达5%的运营成本,还可以将所需的充电基础设施数量减少高达57%。

英文摘要:

Operators who deploy large fleets of electric vehicles often face a challenging charge scheduling problem. Specifically, time-ineffective recharging operations limit the profitability of charging during service operations such that operators recharge vehicles off-duty at a central depot. Here, high investment cost and grid capacity limit available charging infrastructure such that operators need to schedule charging operations to keep the fleet operational. In this context, flexible service operations, i.e. allowing to delay or expedite vehicle departures, can potentially increase charger utilization. Beyond this, jointly scheduling charging and service operations promises operational cost savings through better utilization of Time-of-Use energy tariffs and carefully crafted charging schedules designed to minimize battery wear. Against this background, we study the resulting joint charging and service operations scheduling problem accounting for battery degradation, non-linear charging, and Time-of-Use energy tariffs. We propose an exact Branch & Price algorithm, leveraging a custom branching rule and a primal heuristic to remain efficient during the Branch & Bound phase. Moreover, we develop an exact labeling algorithm for our pricing problem, constituting a resource-constrained shortest path problem that considers variable energy prices and non-linear charging operations. We benchmark our algorithm in a comprehensive numerical study and show that it can solve problem instances of realistic size with computational times below one hour, thus enabling its application in practice. Additionally, we analyze the benefit of jointly scheduling charging and service operations. We find that our integrated approach lowers the amount of charging infrastructure required by up to 57% besides enabling operational cost savings of up to 5%.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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