引力闪烁：来自恒星和致密天体的可探测的引力波尾
Gravitational glint: Detectable gravitational wave tails from stars and compact objects
摘要：
激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）在引力波和电磁辐射光谱中对合并中子星双星的观测表明，引力波在真空中的传播速度与光速相差不到四分之一。然而，长久以来，人们在数学上一直认为，当电磁波或引力波在弯曲时空中穿过真空时，波会形成传播速度更慢的“尾巴”。相关的信号被认为是不可检测的微弱。在这里，我们证明，引力波有效地散射的曲率来源于普通的紧凑的对象-恒星，白矮星，中子星，和行星-和某些候选人的暗物质，填充的零锥的内部。由此产生的“引力闪烁”应该很快就可以被探测到，并且可以被识别（除了行星），因为它是从非常接近主要来源的方向发出的主要信号的短暂延迟回波。这为使用引力探测和测距（GRADAR）来绘制宇宙地图，对大质量紧凑物体进行全面普查，并最终探索其内部开辟了前景。
英文摘要：
Observations of a merging neutron star binary in both gravitational waves, by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), and across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, by myriad telescopes, have been used to show that gravitational waves travel in vacuum at a speed that is indistinguishable from that of light to within one part in a quadrillion. However, it has long been expected mathematically that, when electromagnetic or gravitational waves travel through vacuum in a curved spacetime, the waves develop "tails" that travel more slowly. The associated signal has been thought to be undetectably weak. Here we demonstrate that gravitational waves are efficiently scattered by the curvature sourced by ordinary compact objects -- stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars, and planets -- and certain candidates for dark matter, populating the interior of the null cone. The resulting "gravitational glint" should imminently be detectable, and be recognizable (for all but planets) as briefly delayed echoes of the primary signal emanating from extremely near the direction of the primary source. This opens the prospect for using GRAvitational Detection And Ranging (GRADAR) to map the Universe and conduct a comprehensive census of massive compact objects, and ultimately to explore their interiors.
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