由于海流-水深相互作用的一种新的拉格朗日漂移机制：在沿海跨大陆架输送中的应用
A new Lagrangian drift mechanism due to current-bathymetry interactions: applications in coastal cross-shelf transport
摘要：
我们发现，在自由表面流动，均匀，流向电流在小振幅波浪形的底部地形产生横流漂移速度。这种漂移机制被称为海流-测深相互作用诱导漂移（CBIID），具体理解为简化的近岸环境，包括均匀的沿岸海流、向岸传播的表面波和与海岸线成斜角的单色波浪底。CBIID被发现起源于稳定的，非齐次的解决方案的控制系统的方程。类似于由表面波引起的斯托克斯漂移，CBIID也产生补偿欧拉回流，以满足无通量横向边界，例如海岸线。CBIID随颗粒初始深度、海底起伏幅度和沿岸流强度的增大而增大。此外，自由（底）表面附近的CBIID增加（减少）与底部起伏的波长的增加。最大的CBIID获得的长波底部地形，大约使$π/4$角与海岸线。与斯托克斯漂移不同，由于海流-测深相互作用引起的粒子漂移可能不小，因此基于小漂移近似的解析表达式可能不准确。我们提供了一个替代的$z$有界近似，这导致高度精确的漂移速度和时间段的颗粒，特别是位于自由表面附近的表达式。现实的参数分析表明，在某些近岸环境中，CBIID的净拉格朗日漂移的贡献可以作为重要的斯托克斯漂移，这意味着CBIID跨货架示踪剂运输有重大影响。
英文摘要：
We show that in free surface flows, a uniform, streamwise current over small-amplitude wavy bottom topography generates cross-stream drift velocity. This drift mechanism, referred to as the current-bathymetry interaction induced drift (CBIID), is specifically understood in the context of a simplified nearshore environment consisting of a uniform alongshore current, onshore propagating surface waves, and monochromatic wavy bottom making an oblique angle with the shoreline. CBIID is found to originate from the steady, non-homogeneous solution of the governing system of equations. Similar to Stokes drift induced by surface waves, CBIID also generates a compensating Eulerian return flow to satisfy the no-flux lateral boundaries, e.g. the shoreline. CBIID increases with an increase in the particle's initial depth, bottom undulation's amplitude, and the strength of the alongshore current. Additionally, CBIID near the free (bottom) surface increases (decreases) with an increase in bottom undulation's wavelength. Maximum CBIID is obtained for long wavelength bottom topography that approximately makes $π/4$ angle with the shoreline. Unlike Stokes drift, particle excursions due to current-bathymetry interactions might not be small, hence analytical expressions based on the small-excursion approximation could be inaccurate. We provide an alternative $z$-bounded approximation, which leads to highly accurate expressions for drift velocity and time period of particles especially located near the free surface. Realistic parametric analysis reveals that in some nearshore environments, CBIID's contribution to the net Lagrangian drift can be as important as Stokes drift, implying that CBIID can have major implications in cross-shelf tracer transport.
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