从太阳中GUT单极子催化的质子衰变探索中微子
Exploring neutrinos from proton decays catalyzed by GUT monopoles in the Sun
摘要：
我们探讨了太阳中GUT单极子催化质子衰变的中微子信号。分析了超级神冈实验中三种典型的质子衰变模式：$p \rightarrow e^+ + (ρ^0, η, ω...) \rightarrow π^+$、$p \rightarrow μ^+ K^0$和$p \rightarrow \barν_e π^+$。由于质子衰变产物的相互作用和随后的衰变，产生了由胆甾醇引起的中微子。为了得到中微子能谱，我们使用Geant 4软件模拟了子粒子在高密度太阳中心的传播。发现$K^0$在静止状态下通过电荷交换过程$K^0 + p \rightarrow K^+ + n$和随后的衰变过程$K^+ \rightarrow μ^+ ν_μ$可以产生大量的236 MeV单能$ν_μ$中微子。基于这个有趣的特征，$p \rightarrow μ^+ K^0$可以在大多数参数空间中给出三种衰变模式中的最佳发现潜力。此外，我们提出了三种质子衰变模式的超神冈的灵敏度的质子通量。
英文摘要：
We explore the neutrino signals from proton decays catalyzed by GUT monopoles in the Sun. Three typical proton decay modes, $p \rightarrow e^+ + (ρ^0, η, ω...) \rightarrow π^+$, $p \rightarrow μ^+ K^0$ and $p \rightarrow \barν_e π^+$, have been analyzed for the Super-Kamiokande experiment. The monopole-induced neutrinos arise from interactions and subsequent decays of the proton decay products. To obtain the neutrino energy spectra, we use the Geant4 software to simulate propagations of daughter particles in the highly-dense solar center. It is found that $K^0$ can produce a large amount of 236 MeV monoenergetic $ν_μ$ neutrinos through the charge exchange process $K^0 + p \rightarrow K^+ + n$ and the subsequent decay $K^+ \rightarrow μ^+ ν_μ$ at rest. Based on this interesting feature, $p \rightarrow μ^+ K^0$ can give the best discovery potential among three decay modes for most of the parameter space. In addition, we present the Super-Kamiokande sensitivities to the monopole flux for three proton decay modes.
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