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arXiv 2201.01730astro-ph.EP
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射弹几何形状对动能撞击器动量传递的影响和对DART任务的意义

Influence of the projectile geometry on the momentum transfer from a kinetic impactor and implications for the DART mission

S. D. Raducan, M. Jutzi, T. M. Davison, M. E. DeCoster, D. M. Graninger, J. M. Owen, A. M. Stickle, G. S. Collins

摘要:

DART航天器将在2022年底撞击Didymos的第二颗卫星Dimorphos,并导致第二颗卫星的轨道周期发生变化。为了简单起见,大多数以前的撞击数值模拟使用球形弹丸几何模型来模拟DART航天器。为了研究替代的、简单的射弹几何形状对DART冲击结果的影响,我们在二维和三维中使用iSALE冲击物理代码来模拟射弹的垂直冲击,其质量和速度相当于标称DART冲击,进入多孔玄武岩目标。我们发现,这里研究的简单的弹丸几何形状的弹坑形态和动量增强的影响最小。在撞击点具有相似表面积的二维模型中的射弹几何形状对弹坑半径和弹坑体积的影响小于5%。在更极端的射弹几何形状的情况下(即,一个杆,在三维建模),弹坑是椭圆形的,比50%浅的弹坑由一个球形弹丸产生的相同的动量。在这些测试案例中的动量增强因子,通常被称为β,是在7%内的2D模拟和10%内的3D模拟,获得一个均匀的球形弹丸的值。抛射体几何形状的最显著影响体现在抛射速度中,抛射速度是位于所谓“耦合区”的快速抛射体的发射位置和抛射角度的函数。这些结果将为LICIACube喷出物锥分析提供信息。

英文摘要:

The DART spacecraft will impact Didymos's secondary, Dimorphos, at the end of 2022 and cause a change in the orbital period of the secondary. For simplicity, most previous numerical simulations of the impact used a spherical projectile geometry to model the DART spacecraft. To investigate the effects of alternative, simple projectile geometries on the DART impact outcome we used the iSALE shock physics code in two and thee-dimensions to model vertical impacts of projectiles with a mass and speed equivalent to the nominal DART impact, into porous basalt targets. We found that the simple projectile geometries investigated here have minimal effects on the crater morphology and momentum enhancement. Projectile geometries modelled in two-dimensions that have similar surface areas at the point of impact, affect the crater radius and the crater volume by less than 5%. In the case of a more extreme projectile geometry (i.e., a rod, modelled in three-dimensions), the crater was elliptical and 50% shallower compared to the crater produced by a spherical projectile of the same momentum. The momentum enhancement factor in these test cases, commonly referred to as beta, was within 7% for the 2D simulations and within 10% for the 3D simulations, of the value obtained for a uniform spherical projectile. The most prominent effects of projectile geometry are seen in the ejection velocity as a function of launch position and ejection angle of the fast ejecta that resides in the so-called `coupling zone'. These results will inform the LICIACube ejecta cone analysis.

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