量子信息传播背后的准概率涨落定理
Quasiprobability fluctuation theorem behind the spread of quantum information
AI总结：
本文揭示量子数据处理不等式背后的量子涨落定理，将其扩展至准概率领域，并通过干涉测量方法在IBM量子计算机上实验验证。
摘要：
信息随时间传播。例如，当关联系统局域地耦合到第三方（如环境）时，关联会耗散。这一简单而重要的事实构成了已知的量子数据处理不等式。在此，我们从理论上揭示了该量子信息不等式背后的量子涨落定理。该涨落定理定量预测了底层随机量子过程的统计特性。为充分捕捉量子本质，此处建立的涨落定理被扩展到准概率领域。我们还实验性地应用一种基于干涉的方法来测量构成准概率的振幅，并通过IBM量子计算机验证了我们所建立的涨落定理。
英文摘要：
Information spreads in time. For example, correlations dissipate when the correlated system locally couples to a third party, such as the environment. This simple but important fact forms the known quantum data-processing inequality. Here we theoretically uncover the quantum fluctuation theorem behind the quantum informational inequality. The fluctuation theorem quantitatively predicts the statistics of the underlying stochastic quantum process. To fully capture the quantum nature, the fluctuation theorem established here is extended to the quasiprobability regime. We also experimentally apply an interference-based method to measure the amplitudes composing the quasiprobability and verify our established fluctuation theorem by the IBM quantum computer.
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