发表机构
Purdue University; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; North Carolina State University（普渡大学; 橡树岭国家实验室; 北卡罗来纳州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文发现随机量子电路的稀有输出蕴含中间结构，可预测未来事件并指导电路构建，优于传统统计方法。
AI 中文摘要
随机量子电路的稀有输出通常被视为最终统计量。我们探究它们是否揭示了在选择未来之外仍然有用的中间组织。比较来自同一局部生成器的无条件随机正态（RN）和峰值选择随机峰值（RP）电路，在n=8-16范围内，我们发现RP中成对相关性更强且概率重新分布，但二分体扩展和输出扩展减少。精确的全后缀分解揭示了更强的峰值定向干涉。在n=8-14的四个标称深度下，结构分离和新未来优势持续存在，在固定且独立校准的阈值下，深度扩展中RP富集倍数为2.01-7.15倍。在无条件系综内，结构前缀分数在不使用被评估电路的最终输出的情况下预测新事件概率。保持总体数量的相位扰乱识别出相对相位组织在测试设置中的功能贡献，包括主深度留出确认。在常见局部细化下，RP轨迹引导初始化比Haar初始化提高了高峰产率。中间多变量引导还提高了构建状态的新延续敏感性，超越了仅峰值引导，在相同的大小-深度网格上。因此，稀有输出揭示了在新动态下仍然有用的中间物理组织，并可指导电路构建。
英文摘要
Rare outputs of random quantum circuits are usually treated as terminal statistics. We ask whether they reveal intermediate organization that remains useful beyond the selecting future. Comparing unconditioned random-normal (RN) and peak-selected random-peaked (RP) circuits from the same local generator, we find stronger pairwise correlations and probability redistribution but reduced bipartite and output spreading in RP across n=8-16. Exact full-suffix decomposition reveals stronger peak-directed interference. The structural separation and fresh-future advantage persist across four nominal depths at n=8-14, with 2.01-7.15 fold RP enrichment in the depth extensions at fixed, independently calibrated thresholds. Within the unconditioned ensemble, a structural prefix score predicts fresh-event probability without using the evaluated circuits' terminal outcomes. Population-preserving phase scrambling identifies a functional contribution from relative-phase organization across the tested settings, including primary-depth held-out confirmation. RP trajectory-guided initialization improves high-peak yield over Haar initialization under common local refinement. Intermediate multivariate guidance also improves the fresh-continuation susceptibility of constructed states beyond peak-only guidance across the same size-depth grid. Rare outputs thus reveal intermediate physical organization that remains useful under new dynamics and can guide circuit construction.
Comments25 pages, 9 figures
