The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion may modify the cooling rates of neutron stars (NSs). The axions are produced within the NS cores from nucleon bremsstrahlung and, when the nucleons are in superfluid states, Cooper pair breaking and formation processes. We show that four of the nearby isolated Magnificent Seven NSs along with PSR J0659 are prime candidates for axion cooling studies because they are coeval, with ages of a few hundred thousand years known from kinematic considerations, and they have well-measured surface luminosities. We compare these data to dedicated NS cooling simulations incorporating axions, profiling over uncertainties related to the equation of state, NS masses, surface compositions, and superfluidity. Our calculations of the axion and neutrino emissivities include high-density suppression factors that also affect SN 1987A and previous NS cooling limits on axions. We find no evidence for axions in the isolated NS data, and within the context of the KSVZ QCD axion model we constrain $m_a \lesssim 16$ meV at 95% confidence. An improved understanding of NS cooling and nucleon superfluidity could further improve these limits or lead to the discovery of the axion at weaker couplings.
Limit on the Axion Decay Constant from the Cooling Neutron Star in Cassiopeia A
位于超新星遗迹仙后座A(Cas A)中心的中子星(NS)观测到的快速冷却可以用最小NS冷却方案来解释。如果存在一个额外的冷源,如轴子发射,这一结果可能会改变。在这项工作中,我们研究了在轴子发射存在下的Cas A NS冷却,考虑到在整个寿命的Cas A NS的温度演化。我们得到的轴子衰变常数,$f_a\gtrsim (5-7)\times 10^8$ GeV的下限,如果恒星有一个薄碳层的信封。这与SN1987A等其他天体物理观测所施加的现有限制一样强大。
Neutron Star Cooling via Axion Emission by Nucleon-Nucleon Axion Bremsstrahlung
中子星通常通过发射伽马射线和中微子而冷却。但是,在中子星内部,也可以通过核子-核子轴子韧致辐射过程产生轴子。这些轴子的逃逸增加了中子星的冷却过程。我们探讨了中子星冷却的本质,包括轴子发射和比较我们的结果与情况下,中子星冷却的伽玛射线和中微子的排放。在我们的计算中,我们考虑了这种轴子能量损失率的简并和非简并极限以及由此产生的中子星的光度随时间的变化和表面温度随时间的变化。简而言之,我们研究了三种中子星质量(1.0,1.4,1.8太阳质量)的中子星的热演化,并考虑了不同质量的轴子($m_{a}=10^{-5}\rm{eV}, 10^{-3}\rm{eV}, 10^{-2}\rm{eV}$)的轴子辐射的影响,并与不考虑轴子辐射的情况进行了比较。我们将理论冷却曲线与PSR B 056 +14、Geminga和PSR B 1055 -52的观测数据进行了比较,最后给出了轴子质量极限$m_{a}\leq10^{-3}$ eV的一个上界,即轴子衰变常数$f_{a}\geq0.6\times10^{10}\hspace{1mm}\rm{GeV}$。
Core Composition Effects on the QCD Axion Mass Limit from Neutron Star Cooling
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos(雷伊胡安卡洛斯大学);Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”(坎帕尼亚路易吉范维泰利大学);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli(意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部);Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati(意大利国家核物理研究所弗拉斯卡蒂国家实验室)
Axion mass limit from observations of the neutron star in Cassiopeia A
钱德拉直接观测仙后座A(Cas A NS)中孤立的中子星的表面温度,最近几个科学小组同时提出了它的冷却方案,对超流中子星核心的未知性质提出了严格的限制。还发现,Cas A NS的热能损失比中微子发射所能解释的强度大大约两倍。我们使用这些独特的数据和定义良好的冷却方案来估计KSVZ轴子与中子相互作用的强度。我们推测中子星超流核的轴子发射是导致能量损失增大的原因。如果轴子和中微子的损失是可比的,我们发现$c_{n}^{2}m_{a}^{2}\sim 5.7\times 10^{-6}\,\text{eV}^2$,其中$m_{a}$是轴子质量,$c_{n}$是中子的有效佩切-奎因电荷。(考虑到强子轴子模型的QCD不确定性,无量纲常数$c_{n}$的范围可以从$-0.05$到$ 0.14$。)
New axion bounds derived from the 100-parsec Gaia DR3 white dwarf luminosity function
Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(拉普拉塔天体物理研究所,阿根廷国家科学研究委员会);Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata(拉普拉塔国立大学天文与地球物理学院);Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya(加泰罗尼亚理工大学物理系);Department of Theoretical Physics, CERN(欧洲核子研究组织理论物理部);Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma & Sezione INFN Roma1(罗马第一大学物理系及意大利国家核物理研究所罗马一分部);Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science(魏茨曼科学研究所粒子物理与天体物理学系)
An axion constraint from the diffuse supernova neutrino background indicated by Super-Kamiokande
Keio University(庆应义塾大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)(综合研究大学院大学);Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo(东京大学天文学系);Theory Center, IPNS, KEK(高能加速器研究机构理论中心);Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo(东京大学加瓦利宇宙起源研究前沿中心);National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Numazu College(静冈县立沼津工业高等专门学校)
Testing selectively enhanced QCD axions couplings as an explanation of the RX J1856.5-3754 hard X-ray excess
Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani(比拉理工学院皮拉尼分校);Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus(比拉理工学院皮拉尼分校K.K.比尔拉果阿校区)
研究利用 QCD 轴子转换光子解释壮丽七颗中子星之一的硬 X 射线数据,采用核子 - 核子轫致辐射及库珀对破坏与形成过程,对比常用模型,发现微电子伏特尺度增强模型更吻合数据,可解释 2 - 8 千电子伏特硬 X 射线发射。
Finite-Temperature Axion-Admixed Neutron Stars in a Quarkyonic Crossover Framework
Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar-751005, India(印度布巴内斯瓦尔物理研究所);Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India(印度孟买霍米巴巴哈国立研究所);Department of Physics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha-759146, India(印度奥迪沙邦德赫卡纳尔萨拉格英迪拉甘地理工学院物理系)