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arXiv 2111.09720astro-ph.GA
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旋涡星系中嵌入星团的形成和早期演化

The formation and early evolution of embedded star clusters in spiral galaxies

Steven Rieder, Clare Dobbs, Thomas Bending, Kong You Liow, James Wurster

摘要:

我们提出了Ekster,一种新的方法来模拟星团从出生在一个活的星系模拟相结合的平滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法幻影与$N$体方法PeTar。有了Ekster,就有可能在模拟中模拟单个恒星,对气体只有中等高的分辨率,使我们能够研究星系的整个部分,而不是局限于单个云。我们使用这种方法来模拟恒星和恒星团簇形成的螺旋臂,调查大规模的GMCs和螺旋臂地区的低质量云,从两个星系模型具有不同的螺旋潜力。在从运行前的星系模拟中选择这些区域后,我们重新采样粒子以获得更高的分辨率。然后,我们重新模拟这些地区的3万年,研究星团的形成地点和方式。我们分析了这些地区的嵌入式星团的早期演化。我们发现,大规模的GMC地区,这是更常见的较强的螺旋臂,形成更多的大规模集群比部分的螺旋臂包含较低的质量云。星系团的形成既有气体的吸积,也有与其他原星系团的合并,后者在密度更大的GMC区域更频繁地发生。

英文摘要:

We present Ekster, a new method for simulating star clusters from birth in a live galaxy simulation that combines the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method Phantom with the $N$-body method PeTar. With Ekster, it becomes possible to simulate individual stars in a simulation with only moderately high resolution for the gas, allowing us to study whole sections of a galaxy rather than be restricted to individual clouds. We use this method to simulate star and star cluster formation in spiral arms, investigating massive GMCs and spiral arm regions with lower mass clouds, from two galaxy models with different spiral potentials. After selecting these regions from pre-run galaxy simulations, we re-sample the particles to obtain a higher resolution. We then re-simulate these regions for 3 Myr to study where and how star clusters form. We analyse the early evolution of the embedded star clusters in these regions. We find that the massive GMC regions, which are more common with stronger spiral arms, form more massive clusters than the sections of spiral arms containing lower mass clouds. Clusters form both by accreting gas and by merging with other proto-clusters, the latter happening more frequently in the denser GMC regions.

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