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arXiv 2111.06357hep-th
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Jordan框架中的第五种力与破缺的标度对称性

Fifth forces and broken scale symmetries in the Jordan frame

Edmund J. Copeland, Peter Millington, Sergio Sevillano Muñoz

AI总结:

在Jordan框架中研究Brans-Dicke型引力理论,通过引力部分线性化揭示标量场与引力子的动能混合机制,直接计算第五种力矩阵元并阐明物质部分标度对称性破缺的关键作用。

摘要:

我们研究引力标量-张量理论中第五种力的起源,采用引力修正部分得以显现的所谓Jordan框架。我们聚焦于Brans-Dicke型理论,其中额外标量场直接与广义相对论的Ricci标量耦合。我们描述了修正引力部分所需的微分同胚不变性如何导致对通常规范固定项(谐和规范)的修改。这使我们能够在弱场极限下对引力部分进行一致的线性化,从而在非最小耦合标量场与引力子之间产生动能混合。正是通过这种混合,物质场之间才可能产生第五种力。随后我们能够直接在Jordan框架中计算第五种力交换的矩阵元,而无需执行到所谓Einstein框架的共形变换,后者的引力部分呈Einstein-Hilbert形式。我们获得的结果与等效的Einstein框架计算相一致,并仍在Jordan框架中阐明了物质部分中显式标度对称性破缺源在允许第五种力耦合方面所起的关键作用。

英文摘要:

We study the origin of fifth forces in scalar-tensor theories of gravity in the so-called Jordan frame, where the modifications to the gravitational sector are manifest. We focus on theories of Brans-Dicke type in which an additional scalar field is coupled directly to the Ricci scalar of General Relativity. We describe how the necessary diffeomorphism invariance of the modified gravitational sector leads to a modification of the usual gauge fixing term (for the harmonic gauge), as compared to Einstein gravity. This allows us to perform a consistent linearization of the gravitational sector in the weak-field limit, which gives rise to a kinetic mixing between the non-minimally coupled scalar field and the graviton. It is through this mixing that a fifth force can arise between matter fields. We are then able to compute the matrix elements for fifth-force exchanges directly in the Jordan frame, without the need to perform a conformal transformation to the so-called Einstein frame, where the gravitational sector is of Einstein-Hilbert form. We obtain results that are in agreement with the equivalent Einstein-frame calculations and illustrate, still in the Jordan frame, the pivotal role that sources of explicit scale symmetry breaking in the matter sector play in admitting fifth-force couplings.

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