基于容量订购的电网电价：计量用户数据的多年分析
Grid Tariffs Based on Capacity Subscription: Multi Year Analysis on Metered Consumer Data
摘要：
虽然基于电量的电网电价一直是住宅消费者的标准，但随着社会电气化程度的提高，基于容量的电价将变得更加相关。进一步的发展是容量订阅，消费者因超过其订阅的容量而受到经济处罚，或者他们的需求被限制在订阅的水平。惩罚或限制可以是静态的（始终处于活动状态）或动态的，这意味着它仅在存在活动网格约束时才被激活。我们调查了静态和动态容量订阅费率的成本影响，基于六年的历史负荷数据为84个消费者。我们使用几种方法来找到最佳的订阅水平事前。结果表明，对于大多数消费者来说，年度成本保持稳定和相似，只有少数例外，即那些具有高峰值需求的消费者。在物理限制的情况下，重要的是使用随机方法来获得最佳订阅水平，以避免过度的需求限制。面对电气化导致的峰值负荷增加，监管机构应考虑转向基于容量的电价，以减少消费者之间的交叉补贴，并在不影响DSO成本回收的情况下提高成本反映率。
英文摘要：
While volume-based grid tariffs have been the norm for residential consumers, capacity-based tariffs will become more relevant with the increasing electrification of society. A further development is capacity subscription, where consumers are financially penalised for exceeding their subscribed capacity, or alternatively their demand is limited to the subscribed level. The penalty or limitation can either be static (always active) or dynamic, meaning that it is only activated when there are active grid constraints. We investigate the cost impact for static and dynamic capacity subscription tariffs, for 84 consumers based on six years of historical load data. We use several approaches for finding the optimal subscription level ex ante. The results show that annual costs remain both stable and similar for most consumers, with a few exceptions for those that have high peak demand. In the case of a physical limitation, it is important to use a stochastic approach for the optimal subscription level to avoid excessive demand limitations. Facing increased peak loads due to electrification, regulators should consider a move to capacity-based tariffs in order to reduce cross-subsidisation between consumers and increase cost reflectivity without impacting the DSO cost recovery.
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