中高水头水电站压力管道应力信息控制
Stress-informed Control of Medium- and High-head Hydropower Plants to Reduce Penstock Fatigue
摘要：
传统发电的位移有利于随机可再生能源需要从剩余的可调度资源增加监管职责。在高水头和中等水头水电站（HPP）中，为电网提供调节服务并频繁改变电站的设定点会导致水锤，这会在加压管道（特别是压力钢管）内产生压力和应力瞬变，从长远来看会对其造成损害。本文提出了一种模型预测控制（MPC），显式地模拟压力管道内的水力瞬变。它实现了减少压力钢管壁上的机械载荷，从而有效地减少疲劳。由于适当的线性化的植物模型，优化问题的MPC计划是凸的，可以解决与现成的优化库。在一台230 MW中水头混流式水轮机上进行了数值仿真，验证了该控制器的性能。仿真结果表明，大大减少压力钢管疲劳，现有的方法优于，并与实时控制要求兼容的问题解决时间。
英文摘要：
The displacement of conventional generation in favor of stochastic renewable requires increasing regulation duties from the remaining dispatchable resources. In high- and medium-head hydropower plants (HPPs), providing regulation services to the grid and frequently changing the plant's set-point causes water hammer, which engenders pressure and stress transients within the pressurized conduits, especially the penstock, damaging it in the long run. This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) that explicitly models the hydraulic transients within the penstock. It achieves to reduce the mechanical loads on the penstock wall, and, consequently, fatigue effectively. Thanks to a suitable linearization of the plant model, the optimization problem underlying the MPC scheme is convex and can be solved with off-the-shelf optimization libraries. The performance of the proposed controller is tested with numerical simulations on a 230MW medium-head HPP with Francis turbine providing primary frequency control. Simulation results show substantially reduced penstock fatigue, existing approaches outperformed, and problem resolution times compatible with real-time control requirements.
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