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arXiv 2111.01552astro-ph.SR
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CARMENES搜寻M矮星周围的系外行星。强K I线对光球和色球的诊断能力

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Diagnostic capabilities of strong K I lines for photosphere and chromosphere

B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, E. Nagel, A. Reiners, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, S. V. Jeffers, J. A. Caballero, D. Shulyak, E. N. Johnson, M. Zechmeister, D. Montes, Á. L… 展开作者

B. Fuhrmeister, S. Czesla, E. Nagel, A. Reiners, J. H. M. M. Schmitt, S. V. Jeffers, J. A. Caballero, D. Shulyak, E. N. Johnson, M. Zechmeister, D. Montes, Á. López-Gallifa, I. Ribas, A. Quirrenbach, P. J. Amado, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A. P. Hatzes, M. Kürster, C. Danielski, V. J. S. Béjar, A. Kaminski, J. C. Morales, M. R. Zapatero Osorio

摘要:

在M矮星的光谱中发现了几条强的KI线,其中一条在7700 AA附近,另一条在12500 AA附近。我们研究这些光学和近红外线的双峰在324 M矮星的样本,观察与CARMENES,高分辨率的光学和近红外光谱仪在卡拉尔阿尔托,并调查如何以及线可以用作光球和色球诊断。这两个双星在不活跃的恒星中都有一个占主导地位的光球成分,可以用作有效温度和重力的示踪剂。对于使用光学偶极子的变异性研究,我们集中在红线分量,因为这是不太容易从个别光谱中的大地校正的文物。光学偶线对活动敏感,特别是对于晚于M5.0 V的M矮星,其中线发展出发射核心。对于早期的M型矮星,光学双线的红色分量也与H $α$活性相关。我们通常发现,具有H $α$的星在辐射上是正相关的,而具有H $α$的早型M星在吸收上是反相关的。在耀斑期间,光学偶线可以表现出我们最新光谱类型的强填充或发射核心。另一方面,近红外线偶线很少显示相关或反相关的H $α$和不改变线的形状显着,即使在最强的观测耀斑。尽管如此,近红外线双线显示了大约20颗活跃恒星的显著的塞曼分裂,这使得可以估计磁场B。

英文摘要:

There are several strong K I lines found in the spectra of M dwarfs, among them the doublet near 7700 AA and another doublet near 12 500 AA. We study these optical and near-infrared doublets in a sample of 324 M dwarfs, observed with CARMENES, the high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectrograph at Calar Alto, and investigate how well the lines can be used as photospheric and chromospheric diagnostics. Both doublets have a dominant photospheric component in inactive stars and can be used as tracers of effective temperature and gravity. For variability studies using the optical doublet, we concentrate on the red line component because this is less prone to artefacts from telluric correction in individual spectra. The optical doublet lines are sensitive to activity, especially for M dwarfs later than M5.0 V where the lines develop an emission core. For earlier type M dwarfs, the red component of the optical doublet lines is also correlated with H$α$ activity. We usually find positive correlation for stars with H$α$ in emission, while early-type M stars with H$α$ in absorption show anti-correlation. During flares, the optical doublet lines can exhibit strong fill-in or emission cores for our latest spectral types. On the other hand, the near-infrared doublet lines very rarely show correlation or anti-correlation to H$α$ and do not change line shape significantly even during the strongest observed flares. Nevertheless, the near-infrared doublet lines show notable resolved Zeeman splitting for about 20 active stars which allows to estimate the magnetic fields B.

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