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arXiv 2106.12752astro-ph.SR
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M-矮星色球、日冕和风的非线性阿尔文波联系

M-dwarf's Chromosphere, Corona and Wind Connection via the Nonlinear Alfvén Wave

Takahito Sakaue, Kazunari Shibata

摘要:

M矮星的大气层预计是高度磁化的。磁场能量可以加热恒星的色球层和日冕,并驱动恒星风。Alfvén波的非线性传播是加热恒星大气和驱动星风的重要机制。基于这种Alfvén波方案,我们进行了一维压缩磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟,以再现TRAPPIST-1,Proxima Centauri,YZ CMi,AD Leo,AX Mic以及太阳的恒星大气和风。我们的研究直接解决了阿尔文波从恒星光球到色球层、日冕和行星际空间的非线性传播问题。模拟结果表明,通过Alfvén波的非线性模耦合产生的慢激波对恒星色球层(星刺)动力学和星风加速都有重要影响.我们的参数测量进一步揭示了恒星大气和风的物理量的下列一般趋势。(1)M矮星的日冕往往比太阳日冕更冷,密度更大。(2)与太阳风相比,M矮星的星风具有相对较快的速度和较小的质量损失率。本文阐明了这些趋势背后的物理机制,其中M矮星大气层结较强和来自M矮星光球层的阿尔文波能量输入相对较小是显著的。

英文摘要:

M dwarf's atmosphere is expected to be highly magnetized. The magnetic energy can be responsible for heating the stellar chromosphere and corona, and driving the stellar wind. The nonlinear propagation of Alfvén wave is the promising mechanism for both heating stellar atmosphere and driving stellar wind. Based on this Alfvén wave scenario, we carried out the one-dimensional compressive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to reproduce the stellar atmospheres and winds of TRAPPIST-1, Proxima Centauri, YZ CMi, AD Leo, AX Mic, as well as the Sun. The nonlinear propagation of Alfvén wave from the stellar photosphere to chromosphere, corona, and interplanetary space is directly resolved in our study. The simulation result particularly shows that the slow shock generated through the nonlinear mode coupling of Alfvén wave is crucially involved in both dynamics of stellar chromosphere (stellar spicule) and stellar wind acceleration. Our parameter survey further revealed the following general trends of physical quantities of stellar atmosphere and wind. (1) The M dwarfs' coronae tend to be cooler and denser than solar corona. (2) M dwarfs' stellar winds can be characterized with relatively faster velocity and much smaller mass-loss rate compared to those of solar wind. The physical mechanisms behind these tendencies are clarified in this paper, where the stronger stratification of M dwarf's atmosphere and relatively smaller Alfvén wave energy input from the M dwarf's photosphere are remarkable.

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