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arXiv 2110.08970stat.MEstat.AP
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n/1试验的样本量计算

Sample size calculations for n-of-1 trials

Jiabei Yang, Jon A. Steingrimsson, Christopher H. Schmid

摘要:

N/1试验,即在研究期间按顺序随机分配多种治疗的单受试者试验,可以直接估计个体特异性处理效应。与随机对照试验相比,合并n-of-1试验为估计群体平均处理效应提供了额外信息,并提高了个体特异性处理效应估计的精度。在本文中,我们提出了一个设计n-of-1试验的过程。我们正式定义了用于确定一系列n-1试验的样本量的设计组件,提出了用于分析这些试验的模型,并使用它们推导出用于估计群体平均处理效应和个体特异性处理效应估计值的标准误的样本量公式。我们建议首先找到满足估计群体平均处理效应的把握度要求的可能设计,然后,如果感兴趣,完成设计,以满足个体特异性处理效应估计的标准误要求。该过程是通过一个闪亮的应用程序实现和说明的文件。

英文摘要:

N-of-1 trials, single participant trials in which multiple treatments are sequentially randomized over the study period, can give direct estimates of individual-specific treatment effects. Combining n-of-1 trials gives extra information for estimating the population average treatment effect compared with randomized controlled trials and increases precision for individual-specific treatment effect estimates. In this paper, we present a procedure for designing n-of-1 trials. We formally define the design components for determining the sample size of a series of n-of-1 trials, present models for analyzing these trials and use them to derive the sample size formula for estimating the population average treatment effect and the standard error of the individual-specific treatment effect estimates. We recommend first finding the possible designs that will satisfy the power requirement for estimating the population average treatment effect and then, if of interest, finalizing the design to also satisfy the standard error requirements for the individual-specific treatment effect estimates. The procedure is implemented and illustrated in the paper and through a Shiny app.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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