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arXiv 2110.08809gr-qcastro-ph.CO
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从黑洞确定变化的光速

Determination of varying speed of light from Black hole

Sungkyunkwan University(成均馆大学)

Seokcheon Lee

AI总结:

本文在GCT框架下研究黑洞热力学,表明局部物理与宇宙背景演变的几何解耦,使黑洞稳定性成为几何屏蔽的一致性条件。

摘要:

广义宇宙时间(GCT)框架提供了一种替代现象学方法,用于解决哈勃张力和Ia型超新星观测到的时间膨胀问题,其特征是背景参数b≈0.04以及与基本常数相关的宇宙尺度。一个关键的概念问题是,这种背景演变是否与局部、引力束缚系统的稳定性兼容,特别是黑洞。本文在GCT框架下研究黑洞热力学,重点在于局部静态区域与时间依赖宇宙背景之间的几何兼容性。通过将静态内空间时间与GCT-FLRW外空间时间在类时边界处匹配,证明了以色列接合条件允许不同时间规范共存而无需引入表面应力。在此设置中,局部内部自然允许单位 lapse 函数,而背景演变编码在宇宙时间规范中。所得到的时间规范分离表明,支配局部物理的有效GCT参数在观测上与b_local≈0无法区分。在这一几何屏蔽下,黑洞热力学还原为其标准广义相对论形式,广义第二定律得到满足而无需对背景参数b施加额外约束。这些结果表明,黑洞热力学的实证稳定性并不直接限制GCT的全球演变,而是反映了一个局部和宇宙时间规范之间的几何解耦。因此,黑洞的稳定性作为几何屏蔽的一致性条件,而非对底层宇宙模型的独立证据。

英文摘要:

The Generalized Cosmological Time (GCT) framework offers an alternative phenomenological approach to addressing the Hubble tension and the observed time dilation of Type Ia supernovae, characterized by a background parameter b \simeq 0.04 and an associated cosmological scaling of fundamental constants. A key conceptual question is whether such a background evolution is compatible with the stability of local, gravitationally bound systems, in particular black holes. This work examines black hole thermodynamics within the GCT framework, focusing on the geometric compatibility between a locally static region and a time-dependent cosmological background. By matching a static interior spacetime to a GCT-FLRW exterior across a timelike boundary, it is shown that the Israel junction conditions allow for the coexistence of distinct time normalizations without introducing surface stresses. In this setting, the local interior naturally admits a unit lapse function, while the background evolution is encoded in the cosmological time gauge. The resulting separation of time normalizations implies that the effective GCT parameter governing local physics is observationally indistinguishable from b_{\mathrm{local}} \simeq 0. Under this geometric shielding, black hole thermodynamics reduces to its standard general relativistic form, and the Generalized Second Law is satisfied without imposing additional constraints on the background parameter b. These results indicate that the empirical stability of black hole thermodynamics does not directly constrain the global GCT evolution but instead reflects a geometric decoupling between local and cosmological time gauges. Black hole stability thus emerges as a consistency condition for geometric shielding, rather than as independent evidence for or against the underlying cosmological model.

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