概念数据建模：作为思维机器的语义关系模型
Conceptual Data Modeling: Entity-Relationship Models as Thinging Machines
摘要：
数据建模是开发模型的过程，用于设计和开发支持组织各种业务流程的数据系统。概念数据模型表示要存储在数据库中的数据的结构的技术独立规范。该模型旨在提供更丰富的表现力，并纳入一组语义（a）支持存储在数据管理结构中的数据的设计，控制和完整性部分和（b）协调查看数据库上的连接和想法。描述的数据结构通常以实体关系（ER）模型表示，这是最早的数据建模技术之一，并且可能继续成为表征实体类，属性和关系的流行方式。本文试图研究ER建模的基本概念，分析它们所指的概念以及表示它们的方法。在这样的任务中，我们在ER的基本构建结构、表示实体、关系和属性方面应用了一种新的建模方法（思维机器; TM）。这个项目的目标是进一步理解数据模型并丰富它们的语义。在此上下文中纳入了对建模的三个具体贡献：（a）使用TM模型的五个通用动作来在ER结构中注入处理;（b）将TM建模的单个本体元素（即，事物/机器或thimac）到ER实体和关系;以及（c）提出包括结构和面向时间的概念（例如，事件或行为）。
英文摘要：
Data modeling is a process of developing a model to design and develop a data system that supports an organization s various business processes. A conceptual data model represents a technology-independent specification of structure of data to be stored within a database. The model aims at providing richer expressiveness and incorporating a set of semantics to (a) support the design, control, and integrity parts of the data stored in data management structures and (b) coordinate viewing of connections and ideas on a database. The described structure of the data is often represented in an entity-relationship (ER) model, which was one of the first data-modeling techniques and is likely to continue to be a popular way of characterizing entity classes, attributes and relationships. This paper is an attempt to examine the basic ER modeling notions to analyze the concepts to which they refer as well as ways to represent them. In such a mission, we apply a new modeling methodology (thinging machine; TM) to ER in terms of its fundamental building constructs, representation entities, relationships and attributes. The goal of this venture is to further the understanding of data models and enrich their semantics. Three specific contributions to modeling in this context are incorporated: (a) using the TM model s five generic actions to inject processing in the ER structure; (b) relating the single ontological element of TM modeling (i.e., a thing/machine or thimac) to ER entities and relationships; and (c) proposing a high-level integrated, extended ER model that includes structural and time-oriented notions (e.g., events or behavior).
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