用于放射治疗中精确脉冲X射线诊断的金刚石探测系统
Diamond-based Detection Systems for Accurate Pulsed X-rays Diagnostics in Radiotherapy
摘要：
精确放射治疗技术的广泛传播，旨在在较短的时间范围内释放较大的剂量梯度，导致剂量测定的新挑战。准确的剂量测量对于检查射束异常和不准确性至关重要，以确保放射治疗期间的治疗效果和患者安全。这项工作描述了一个钻石剂量计耦合到一个非常紧凑的前端电子的主要特点。在医用直线加速器产生的6 MV和18 MV两种加速电压下对探测系统进行了测试。它位于LINAC的掩体中，无需在探测器和电子设备之间使用长电缆连接，这对系统响应速度不利。信号采集与撞击X射线脉冲同步进行，采样周期低至20 μ s，允许实时束监测。尽管在进行的实验期间吸收剂量值很高（约100 Gy），但剂量计显示出非常好的稳定性。在6 MV和18 MV下测得的每脉冲剂量值分别为278 uGy和556 uGy，与用于测试的LINAC装置预期的标称值非常一致。除了单脉冲测量，动态放射治疗的基础，所提出的系统还允许计算总收集的电荷和由检测器产生的光电流。在这方面，尽管紧凑，它证明了其有效性作为源诊断的光束强度和发射定时方面的工具。
英文摘要：
The widespread diffusion of precision radiotherapy techniques, geared toward the release of larger dose gradients in shorter time frames, is leading to new challenges in dosimetry. Accurate dose measurements are essential to check for beam anomalies and inaccuracies to ensure treatment efficacy and patient safety during radiotherapy. This work describes the main features of a diamond dosimeter coupled to an extremely compact front-end electronics. The detection system was tested under the X-ray pulses generated by a medical LINAC for both the 6 MV and the 18 MV accelerating voltages. Located in the LINAC's bunker, it eliminates the need for a long cable connection between the detector and the electronics, detrimental for the system response speed. Signal acquisition was performed synchronously with the impinging X-ray pulses with a sampling period as low as 20 us, allowing for a real-time beam monitoring. The dosimeter demonstrated a very good stability despite the high value of the absorbed dose during the performed experiments (about 100 Gy). The measured dose-per-pulse values of 278 uGy and 556 uGy at 6 MV and 18 MV, respectively, are in excellent agreement with the nominal values expected for the LINAC apparatus used for the tests. In addition to single-pulse measurements, fundamental for dynamic radiotherapy, the proposed system also allows for the calculation of both the total collected charge and the photocurrent generated by the detector. In this regards, despite the compactness, it demonstrates its effectiveness as a tool for source diagnostics in terms of both beam intensity and emission timing.
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