In this paper, we propose a novel approach on controlling wheel-legged quadrupedal robots using pose optimization and force control via quadratic programming (QP). Our method allows the robot to leverage the whole-body motion and the wheel actuation to roll over high obstacles while keeping the wheel torques to navigate the terrain while keeping the wheel traction and balancing the robot body. In detail, we first present a linear rigid body dynamics with wheels that can be used for real-time balancing control of wheel-legged robots. We then introduce an effective pose optimization method for wheel-legged robot's locomotion over steep ramp and stair terrains. The pose optimization solves for optimal poses to enhance stability and enforce collision-fee constraints for the rolling motion over stair terrain. Experimental validation on the real robot demonstrated the capability of rolling up on a 0.36 m obstacle. The robot can also successfully roll up and down multiple stairs without lifting its legs or having collision with the terrain.
MUJICA: Multi-skill Unified Joint Integration of Control Architecture for Wheeled-Legged Robots
College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University（智能机器人与先进制造学院，复旦大学）；Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited（中国电力工程顾问集团华东分公司）
ATRos: Learning Energy-Efficient Agile Locomotion for Wheeled-legged Robots
Shanghai Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.（上海华为技术有限公司）；College of Future Information Technology, Fudan University（复旦大学未来信息科技学院）；Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学机器人研究所）；School of Aeronautic and Astronautics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学航空宇航学院）；School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学电子与通信工程学院）
Unleashing the Agility of Wheeled-Legged Robots for High-Dynamic Reflexive Obstacle Evasion
School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University（天津大学机械工程学院）；School of Computing, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学计算机学院）；Beijing Zhongguancun Academy（北京中关村学院）；DeepRobotics（深睿科技）
Arm-Constrained Curriculum Learning for Loco-Manipulation of the Wheel-Legged Robot
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR), Tsinghua University（清华大学人工智能产业研究院）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University（西交利物浦大学）
Friction-Aware Safety Locomotion for Wheeled-legged Robots using Vision Language Models and Reinforcement Learning
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering（电气与计算机工程系）；Department of Mechanical Science Engineering（机械科学与工程系）；School of Software（软件学院）
WAVE-Go: World-Model Navigation with Adaptive Execution for Wheel-Legged Robots
Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；GAC R&D Center（广汽研究院）；LimX Dynamics；Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI)（北京人工智能研究院）
S2M-Trek: From Single to Multi-Sphere Transport via Per-Frame Deep Sets on a Wheel-Legged Robot
School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院）；School of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学数学学院）
Scientific Exploration of Challenging Planetary Analog Environments with a Team of Legged Robots
ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；University of Basel（巴塞尔大学）；University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）；Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Art（卢塞恩应用科学与艺术大学）
Autonomous Forest Inventory with Legged Robots: System Design and Field Deployment
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Oxford Robotics Institute（牛津机器人研究所）；Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Robotic Systems Lab（机器人系统实验室）；Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems（马克斯·普朗克智能系统研究所）
Optimizing Grasping in Legged Robots: A Deep Learning Approach to Loco-Manipulation
College of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia（联邦大学伯南迪亚学院机械工程学院）；Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of São Paulo（圣保罗大学机械工程系）
Learning to enhance multi-legged robot on rugged landscapes
Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院机器人与智能机器研究所）；School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院物理学院）；School of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院计算学院）
X2-N: A Transformable Wheel-legged Humanoid Robot with Dual-mode Locomotion and Manipulation
Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港理工大学电子与计算机工程系）；X-lab Department, Agibot Innovation Company（阿吉博创新公司X实验室）
