无公度电荷密度波态的超快激发与拓扑孤子形成
Ultrafast excitation and topological soliton formation in incommensurate charge density wave states
摘要：
拓扑孤子是在公度密度波态中的一种非微扰激发，它连接简并的基态。在无公度密度波态中，基态是连续简并的，拓扑孤子被认为是与微扰相子激发光滑连接的。研究了具有无公度电荷密度波基态的一维链中光激发电子-空穴对的超快非平衡动力学。时间分辨的演化揭示了集体模的微扰激发和非微扰拓扑相变，由于创建新的拓扑孤子，连续的复序参量的振幅和相位是必不可少的。我们确定了非平凡的相位缠绕孤子在复杂的平面上唯一的非平衡态，并捕获它的低能量有效模型。微扰的时间间隙振荡和间隙内的孤子态进入与光谱测量相关的光导吸收边和光谱密度，提供了与实际实验的具体联系。
英文摘要：
Topological soliton is a nonperturbative excitation in commensurate density wave states and connects degenerate ground states. In incommensurate density wave states, ground states are continuously degenerate and topological soliton is reckoned to be smoothly connected to the perturbative phason excitation. We study the ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics due to photoexcited electron-hole pair in a one-dimensional chain with an incommensurate charge density wave ground state. Time-resolved evolution reveals both perturbative excitation of collective modes and nonperturbative topological phase transition due to creating novel topological solitons, where the continuous complex order parameter with amplitude and phase is essential. We identify the nontrivial phase-winding solitons in the complex plane unique to this nonequilibrium state and capture it by a low-energy effective model. The perturbative temporal gap oscillation and the solitonic in-gap states enter the optical conductivity absorption edge and the spectral density related to spectroscopic measurement, providing concrete connections to real experiments.
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