arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 2109.06335astro-ph.EP
收藏

用低分辨率和高分辨率透射光谱探测WASP-69 b的大气层

Probing the atmosphere of WASP-69 b with low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy

S. Khalafinejad, K. Molaverdikhani, J. Blecic, M. Mallonn, L. Nortmann, J. A. Caballero, H. Rahmati, A. Kaminski, S. Sadegi, E. Nagel, L. Carone, P. J. Amado, M… 展开作者

S. Khalafinejad, K. Molaverdikhani, J. Blecic, M. Mallonn, L. Nortmann, J. A. Caballero, H. Rahmati, A. Kaminski, S. Sadegi, E. Nagel, L. Carone, P. J. Amado, M. Azzaro, F. F. Bauer, N. Casasayas-Barris, S. Czesla, C. von Essen, L. Fossati, M. Güdel, Th. Henning, M. López-Puertas, M. Lendl, T. Lüftinger, D. Montes, M. Oshagh, E. Pallé, A. Quirrenbach, S. Reffert, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, S. Stock, F. Yan, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, M. Zechmeister

摘要:

考虑低分辨率和高分辨率透射光谱是获得系外行星大气层全面图像的关键。在透射光谱的研究中,连续谱信息是由低分辨率光谱很好地建立起来的,而单个谱线的形状是由高分辨率观测最好地约束的。在这项工作中,我们的目标是合并高与低分辨率透射光谱。我们提出了在CARMENES仪器的VIS通道中WASP-69 b的三个主要过境的分析,并使用文献中已经提供的HARPS-N,OSIRIS/GTC和WFC 3/HST的额外数据进行组合的低分辨率和高分辨率分析。在第一个CARMENES观测之夜,我们分别在$\sim 7σ$和$\sim 3σ$显著性水平上探测到行星Na D $_{2}$和D $_{1}$线。我们测得D $_{2}$ /D $_{1}$强度比为2.5 $\pm$ 0.7,这与以前的HARPS-N观测结果一致。我们对WFC 3和OSIRIS数据的建模表明,这颗行星的大气层中存在强烈的瑞利散射、太阳到超级太阳的水丰度以及高度静音的Na特征,这与之前对这一目标的调查一致。我们使用从低分辨率光谱检索的连续谱信息作为之前打破钠丰度,参考压力和热层温度之间的简并性,用于高分辨率光谱分析。我们分别拟合了Na D $_{1}$和D $_{2}$曲线,发现模型参数的后验分布在1 $σ$以内是一致的.我们的研究结果表明,当地的热力学平衡过程可以解释所观察到的D $_{2}$ /D $_{1}$的比例,因为雾不透明度的存在静音的吸收功能。

英文摘要:

Consideration of both low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy is key for obtaining a comprehensive picture of exoplanet atmospheres. In studies of transmission spectra, the continuum information is well established with low-resolution spectra, while the shapes of individual lines are best constrained with high-resolution observations. In this work, we aim to merge high- with low-resolution transmission spectroscopy. We present the analysis of three primary transits of WASP-69b in the VIS channel of the CARMENES instrument and perform a combined low- and high-resolution analysis using additional data from HARPS-N, OSIRIS/GTC, and WFC3/HST already available in the literature. During the first CARMENES observing night, we detected the planet Na D$_{2}$ and D$_{1}$ lines at $\sim 7σ$ and $\sim 3σ$ significance levels, respectively. We measured a D$_{2}$/D$_{1}$ intensity ratio of 2.5$\pm$0.7, which is in agreement with previous HARPS-N observations. Our modelling of WFC3 and OSIRIS data suggests strong Rayleigh scattering, solar to super-solar water abundance, and a highly muted Na feature in the atmosphere of this planet, in agreement with previous investigations of this target. We use the continuum information retrieved from the low-resolution spectroscopy as a prior to break the degeneracy between the Na abundance, reference pressure, and thermosphere temperature for the high-resolution spectroscopic analysis. We fit the Na D$_{1}$ and D$_{2}$ lines individually and find that the posterior distributions of the model parameters agree with each other within 1$σ$. Our results suggest that local thermodynamic equilibrium processes can explain the observed D$_{2}$/D$_{1}$ ratio because the presence of haze opacity mutes the absorption features.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑