arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2109.06266cs.LGcs.AIcs.DC
收藏

使用无约束优化算法自动调优Tensorflow的CPU后端

Automatic Tuning of Tensorflow's CPU Backend using Gradient-Free Optimization Algorithms

Intel Corporation(英特尔公司);Intel Labs(英特尔实验室)

Derssie Mebratu, Niranjan Hasabnis, Pietro Mercati, Gaurit Sharma, Shamima Najnin

摘要:

现代深度学习(DL)应用程序是使用DL库和框架(如TensorFlow和PyTorch)构建的。这些框架具有复杂的参数,并且对它们进行调整以获得良好的训练和推理性能对于典型用户(例如DL开发人员和数据科学家)来说具有挑战性。手动调优需要深入了解DL框架的用户可控参数以及底层硬件。这是一个缓慢而繁琐的过程,并且通常会提供次优的解决方案。在本文中,我们把调整DL框架的参数,以提高训练和推理性能的问题作为一个黑盒优化问题。然后,我们研究贝叶斯优化(BO)、遗传算法(GA)和Nelder-Mead单纯形(NMS)的适用性和有效性,以调整TensorFlow CPU后端的参数。虽然先前的工作已经研究了使用Nelder-Mead单纯形类似的问题,它没有提供其他更流行的算法的适用性的见解。为此,我们对所有三种算法在各种DL模型上调优TensorFlow的CPU后端进行了系统的比较分析。我们的研究结果表明,贝叶斯优化在大多数模型上表现最好。然而,在有些情况下,它并不能提供最佳结果。

英文摘要:

Modern deep learning (DL) applications are built using DL libraries and frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. These frameworks have complex parameters and tuning them to obtain good training and inference performance is challenging for typical users, such as DL developers and data scientists. Manual tuning requires deep knowledge of the user-controllable parameters of DL frameworks as well as the underlying hardware. It is a slow and tedious process, and it typically delivers sub-optimal solutions. In this paper, we treat the problem of tuning parameters of DL frameworks to improve training and inference performance as a black-box optimization problem. We then investigate applicability and effectiveness of Bayesian optimization (BO), genetic algorithm (GA), and Nelder-Mead simplex (NMS) to tune the parameters of TensorFlow's CPU backend. While prior work has already investigated the use of Nelder-Mead simplex for a similar problem, it does not provide insights into the applicability of other more popular algorithms. Towards that end, we provide a systematic comparative analysis of all three algorithms in tuning TensorFlow's CPU backend on a variety of DL models. Our findings reveal that Bayesian optimization performs the best on the majority of models. There are, however, cases where it does not deliver the best results.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑