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arXiv 2109.06233astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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行星形成尺度下具有ALMA的分子(MAPS)V:CO气体分布

Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) V: CO gas distributions

Ke Zhang, Alice S. Booth, Charles J. Law, Arthur D. Bosman, Kamber R. Schwarz, Edwin A. Bergin, Karin I. Öberg, Sean M. Andrews, Viviana V. Guzmán, Catherine Wa… 展开作者

Ke Zhang, Alice S. Booth, Charles J. Law, Arthur D. Bosman, Kamber R. Schwarz, Edwin A. Bergin, Karin I. Öberg, Sean M. Andrews, Viviana V. Guzmán, Catherine Walsh, Chunhua Qi, Merel L. R. van 't Hoff, Feng Long, David J. Wilner, Jane Huang, Ian Czekala, John D. Ilee, Gianni Cataldi, Jennifer B. Bergner, Yuri Aikawa, Richard Teague, Jaehan Bae, Ryan A. Loomis, Jenny K. Calahan, Felipe Alarcón, François Ménard, Romane Le Gal, Anibal Sierra, Yoshihide Yamato, Hideko Nomura, Takashi Tsukagoshi, Laura M. Pérez, Leon Trapman, Yao Liu, Kenji Furuya

摘要:

在这里,我们提出了高分辨率(15-24 au)的CO同位素线的观测与ALMA行星形成尺度(MAPS)ALMA大程序的分子。我们的分析使用了对五个原行星盘的$^{13}$ CO和C $^{18}$ O($J$ =2-1)、(1-0)和C $^{17}$ O(1-0)线观测。我们检索CO气体密度分布,使用三种独立的方法:(1)热化学建模框架的基础上的CO数据,宽带光谱能量分布,毫米连续发射;(2)经验的温度分布的基础上光学厚CO线;和(3)直接拟合的C $^{17}$ O超精细线。这些方法的结果通常显示出极好的一致性。五个圆盘的CO气柱密度分布在绝对值和径向形状上表现出显着的变化。假设气体与尘埃的质量比为100,所有五个圆盘的CO与H的$_2$丰度比ISM比率低10-100倍。CO气体在150-400 AU之间的分布与粘滞盘模型很好地匹配,支持长期存在的理论。CO气体间隙似乎与连续带间隙位置相关,但一些深连续带间隙没有相应的CO间隙。CO间隙和尘埃间隙的相对深度与行星-盘相互作用的预测基本一致,但有些CO间隙比基于尘埃间隙的预测要浅5-10倍。本文是《天体物理学杂志增刊》MAPS特刊的一部分。

英文摘要:

Here we present high resolution (15-24 au) observations of CO isotopologue lines from the Molecules with ALMA on Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program. Our analysis employs $^{13}$CO and C$^{18}$O ($J$=2-1), (1-0), and C$^{17}$O (1-0) line observations of five protoplanetary disks. We retrieve CO gas density distributions, using three independent methods: (1) a thermo-chemical modeling framework based on the CO data, the broadband spectral energy distribution, and the mm-continuum emission; (2) an empirical temperature distribution based on optically thick CO lines; and (3) a direct fit to the C$^{17}$O hyperfine lines. Results from these methods generally show excellent agreement. The CO gas column density profiles of the five disks show significant variations in the absolute value and the radial shape. Assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100, all five disks have a global CO-to-H$_2$ abundance of 10-100 times lower than the ISM ratio. The CO gas distributions between 150-400 au match well with models of viscous disks, supporting the long-standing theory. CO gas gaps appear to be correlated with continuum gap locations, but some deep continuum gaps do not have corresponding CO gaps. The relative depths of CO and dust gaps are generally consistent with predictions of planet-disk interactions, but some CO gaps are 5-10 times shallower than predictions based on dust gaps. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.

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