arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2109.04848cs.CRcs.DC
收藏

区块链安全如何决定区块链实施?

How Does Blockchain Security Dictate Blockchain Implementation?

Andrew Lewis-Pye, Tim Roughgarden

摘要:

区块链协议具有各种安全保证。例如,受BFT启发的协议(如Algorand)在部分同步设置中往往是安全的,而像比特币这样的最长链协议通常需要更强的同步性才能安全。与分片等可扩展性解决方案直接相关的另一个基本区别是,单个不受信任的用户是否能够指向 * 证书 *,这提供了块确认的无可争议的证据。Algorand产生这样的证书,而比特币没有。这些属性是偶然的吗?或者它们是协议设计范式的固有后果?我们在本文中的目的是从根本上了解什么决定了非许可区块链协议的安全性。使用(Lewis-Pye和Roughgarden,2021)中开发的框架,我们证明了一般结果,表明这些问题与用户选择过程的属性直接相关,即,用于选择具有更新状态任务的用户的方法(例如工作量证明或权益证明)。例如,我们的研究结果足以证明,证书的产生对于工作量证明协议是不可能的,但是对于标准形式的权益证明协议是自动的。作为我们工作的副产品,我们还定义了一些安全概念,并确定它们之间的等价性和不等价性。

英文摘要:

Blockchain protocols come with a variety of security guarantees. For example, BFT-inspired protocols such as Algorand tend to be secure in the partially synchronous setting, while longest chain protocols like Bitcoin will normally require stronger synchronicity to be secure. Another fundamental distinction, directly relevant to scalability solutions such as sharding, is whether or not a single untrusted user is able to point to *certificates*, which provide incontrovertible proof of block confirmation. Algorand produces such certificates, while Bitcoin does not. Are these properties accidental? Or are they inherent consequences of the paradigm of protocol design? Our aim in this paper is to understand what, fundamentally, governs the nature of security for permissionless blockchain protocols. Using the framework developed in (Lewis-Pye and Roughgarden, 2021), we prove general results showing that these questions relate directly to properties of the user selection process, i.e., the method (such as proof-of-work or proof-of-stake) which is used to select users with the task of updating state. Our results suffice to establish, for example, that the production of certificates is impossible for proof-of-work protocols, but is automatic for standard forms of proof-of-stake protocols. As a byproduct of our work, we also define a number of security notions and identify the equivalences and inequivalences among them.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑