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arXiv 2109.04450gr-qc
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用Horndeski引力研究超大质量黑洞的强引力透镜效应

Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by suppermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity

Jitendra Kumar, Shafqat Ul Islam, Sushant G. Ghosh

摘要:

在四次标量场Horndeski引力场中,研究了静态球对称黑洞在强场极限下的引力透镜效应.我们发现偏转角$α_D$、光子球半径$x_{ps}$和角位置$θ_{\infty}$的增加更快,而角间距$s$的增加更慢,但是第一图像的通量与所有其他图像的通量的比率$r_{mag}$随着头发$q$的大小的增加而迅速减小。我们还讨论了几个星系中心的超大质量黑洞的天体物理后果,并指出Horndeski引力下的黑洞可以定量地与Schwarzschild黑洞区分开来。值得注意的是,我们发现Horndeski引力中黑洞与它们的广义相对论(GR)对应物的偏差$Δθ_{\infty}$,对于超大质量黑洞Sgr A* 和M87,对于$q=-1$,分别可以达到$25.192~μ$和$18.92~μ$,而对于Sgr A*,$Δs$大约是$1.121~μ$,对于M87*,$0.8424~μ$大约是$0.8424~μ$。第一幅图像与所有其他图像的通量之比表明史瓦西图像比Horndeski引力下的黑洞的图像更亮,其中偏差$|Δr_{mag}|$高达3.082。结果表明,在Horndeski引力下对多毛黑洞的观测测试确实是可行的。

英文摘要:

We study gravitational lensing in strong-field limit by a static spherically symmetric black hole in quartic scalar field Horndeski gravity having additional hair parameter $q$, evading the no-hair theorem. We find an increase in the deflection angle $α_D$, photon sphere radius $x_{ps}$, and angular position $θ_{\infty}$ that increases more quickly while angular separation $s$ more slowly, but the ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images $r_{mag}$ decreases rapidly with increasing magnitude of the hair $q$. We also discuss the astrophysical consequences in the supermassive black holes at the centre of several galaxies and note that the black holes in Horndeski gravity can be quantitatively distinguished from the Schwarzschild black hole. Notably, we find that the deviation $Δθ_{\infty}$ of black holes in Horndeski gravity from their general relativity (GR) counterpart, for supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87, for $q=-1$ respectively, can reach as much as $25.192~μ$as and $18.92~μ$as while $Δs$ is about $1.121~μ$as for Sgr A* and $0.8424~μ$as for M87*. The ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images suggest that the Schwarzschild images are brighter than those of the black holes in Horndeski gravity, wherein the deviation $|Δr_{mag}|$ is as much as 3.082. The results suggest that observational tests of hairy black holes in Horndeski gravity are indeed feasible.

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