无固定节点液态$^3$ He的路径积分蒙特卡罗模拟：结构性质和集体激发
Path Integral Monte Carlo Simulations of liquid $^3$He without Fixed Nodes: Structural Properties and Collective Excitations
摘要：
我们提出了广泛的新的\emph{ab initio}路径积分蒙特卡罗（PIMC）模拟正常液体$^3$他没有任何节点的限制。这使我们能够研究温度对不同结构性质的影响，如静态结构因子$S(\mathbf{q})$、动量分布$n(\mathbf{q})$和静态密度响应函数$χ(\mathbf{q})$，并明确量化费米统计的影响。此外，动态结构因子$S(\mathbf{q},ω)$由时间PIMC数据严格重建，并且我们发现熟悉的声子-巨子-旋子色散，其由$^4$ He熟知并且先前已报道用于二维$^3$ He膜[Nature \textbf{483}，576-579（2012）]。我们对$S(\mathbf{q})$和$S(\mathbf{q},ω)$的新结果与中子散射测量的比较表明理论与实验之间具有良好的一致性。
英文摘要：
We present extensive new \emph{ab initio} path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations of normal liquid $^3$He without any nodal constraints. This allows us to study the effects of temperature on different structural properties like the static structure factor $S(\mathbf{q})$, the momentum distribution $n(\mathbf{q})$, and the static density response function $χ(\mathbf{q})$, and to unambiguously quantify the impact of Fermi statistics. In addition, the dynamic structure factor $S(\mathbf{q},ω)$ is rigorously reconstructed from imaginary-time PIMC data, and we find the familiar phonon-maxon-roton dispersion that is well known from $^4$He and has been reported previously for two-dimensional $^3$He films [Nature \textbf{483}, 576-579 (2012)]. The comparison of our new results for both $S(\mathbf{q})$ and $S(\mathbf{q},ω)$ to neutron scattering measurements reveals an excellent agreement between theory and experiment.
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