arXiv 2109.040772021-09-09astro-ph.HE

孤立中子星热辐射中的光子-轴子混合

Photon-axion mixing in thermal emission of isolated neutron stars

Aleksei Zhuravlev, Sergei Popov, Maxim Pshirkov

备注：: 8 pages, 4 figures
发表信息：: Physics Letters B, Volume 821, 2021, 136615
DOI：: 10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136615

摘要：

热发射中子星是探测类轴子粒子性质的理想环境。由于这些源的强磁场，表面光子可能在恒星周围的大磁层区域中部分转化为这种粒子，这将导致其光谱中的独特特征。然而，相互作用取决于辐射的偏振态，并且由于耦合常数$g_{γa}$的实验允许值较低而相当弱。在这项工作中，我们计算的情况下，100%的O-模式偏振和光谱能量分布的均匀表面温度的各向同性黑体的光子-轴子跃迁的程度。恒星磁场被假定为偶极磁场。我们表明，达到最大效应的磁场$\sim10^{13}$ - $10^{14}$ G（典型的X射线昏暗孤立中子星）和$g_{γa} = 2 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV $^{-1}$，光通量减少了30 - 40%，而光谱的高能量部分不受影响。在$g_{γa} \geq 2 \times 10^{-12}$ GeV $^{-1}$和$m_a \leq 2\times 10^{-6}$ eV处，低能降低超过5%，这低于目前实验和天体物理对轴子参数的限制。为了获得实际的观测约束，需要对辐射表面层进行严格的处理。

英文摘要：

Thermally emitting neutron stars represent a promising environment for probing the properties of axion-like particles. Due to the strong magnetic fields of these sources, surface photons may partially convert into such particles in the large magnetospheric region surrounding the stars, which will result in distinctive signatures in their spectra. However, the interaction depends on the polarization state of the radiation and is rather weak due to the low experimentally allowed values of the coupling constant $g_{γa}$. In this work, we compute the degree of photon-axion transition in the case of 100% O-mode polarization and spectral energy distribution of an isotropic blackbody with uniform surface temperature. The stellar magnetic field is assumed to be dipolar. We show that with the maximum effect reached for the magnetic fields $\sim10^{13}$ - $10^{14}$ G (typical for X-ray dim isolated neutron stars) and $g_{γa} = 2 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, the optical flux is reduced by 30 - 40%, while the high-energy part of the spectrum is not affected. The low-energy decrease exceeds 5% at $g_{γa} \geq 2 \times 10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$ and $m_a \leq 2\times 10^{-6}$ eV, which is below the present experimental and astrophysical limits on axion parameters. To obtain the actual observational constraints, rigorous treatment of the radiative surface layers is required.

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