光子超流体中Penrose超辐射的测量
Measurement of Penrose superradiance in a photon superfluid
摘要：
50多年前，罗杰·彭罗斯爵士首次阐明了旋转介质散射中的超辐射放大，作为粒子从旋转黑洞获得能量的一种手段。尽管这一基本过程在波动物理学中也是普遍存在的，但它只在实验中被观察到过一次，在水箱中，从未在天体物理学中被观察到过。在这里，我们测量这种放大的非线性光学实验中的超流制度。特别地，通过将携带轨道角动量的弱光束聚焦到强泵浦涡旋光束的核心上，产生负范数模式并将其捕获在涡旋核心内，从而允许放大反射光束。我们的实验证明了由于一种新形式的非线性光学四波混频而产生的放大反射，其相位关系与我们的光子超流体中彭罗斯超辐射的Zel'dovich-Misner条件相一致，并揭示了负频率模式在该过程中所起的作用。
英文摘要：
The superradiant amplification in the scattering from a rotating medium was first elucidated by Sir Roger Penrose over 50 years ago as a means by which particles could gain energy from rotating black holes. Despite this fundamental process being ubiquitous also in wave physics, it has only been observed once experimentally, in a water tank, and never in an astrophysical setting. Here, we measure this amplification for a nonlinear optics experiment in the superfluid regime. In particular, by focusing a weak optical beam carrying orbital angular momentum onto the core of a strong pump vortex beam, negative norm modes are generated and trapped inside the vortex core, allowing for amplification of a reflected beam. Our experiment demonstrates amplified reflection due to a novel form of nonlinear optical four-wave mixing, whose phase-relation coincides with the Zel'dovich-Misner condition for Penrose superradiance in our photon superfluid, and unveil the role played by negative frequency modes in the process.}
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