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arXiv 2109.02202cs.AIcs.CYcs.IRcs.LG
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通过AI实现公平性:减少医疗信息中的偏倚

Fairness via AI: Bias Reduction in Medical Information

University of Connecticut(康涅狄格大学);AuCoDe;Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais(米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学);Meedan;University of Washington School of Medicine(华盛顿大学医学院);Michigan State University College of Human Medicine(密歇根州立大学人类医学院)

Shiri Dori-Hacohen, Roberto Montenegro, Fabricio Murai, Scott A. Hale, Keen Sung, Michela Blain, Jennifer Edwards-Johnson

摘要:

人工智能研究中的大多数公平性都集中在揭露人工智能系统中的偏见。从更广泛的公平角度来看,人工智能可以服务于一个更大的愿望:从源头上根除社会不平等。具体来说,我们专注于健康信息的不平等,并旨在使用AI减少该领域的偏见。搜索引擎和社交媒体的人工智能算法(其中许多基于推荐系统)对在线医疗和健康信息的质量产生了巨大的影响。因此,将偏见检测和减少嵌入到这些在线提供医疗和健康内容的推荐系统中,可能会对患者的结果和健康产生巨大的积极影响。在这份立场文件中,我们提供了以下贡献:(1)我们提出了一个通过人工智能实现公平的新框架,灵感来自医学教育,社会学和反种族主义的见解;(2)我们定义了一个新术语,bisinformation,它与错误信息有关,但又与之不同,并鼓励研究人员研究它;(3)我们建议使用人工智能来研究,检测和减轻有偏见的,有害的和/或虚假的健康信息,这些信息对社会中的少数群体造成了不成比例的伤害;(4)我们提出了几个支柱,并提出了几个悬而未决的问题,以便在这个新的空间中进行调查。虽然这项工作的第(3)部分特别关注健康领域,但基本的计算机科学进步和通过人工智能减少偏见和公平的研究工作所产生的贡献在社会的各个领域都有广泛的影响。

英文摘要:

Most Fairness in AI research focuses on exposing biases in AI systems. A broader lens on fairness reveals that AI can serve a greater aspiration: rooting out societal inequities from their source. Specifically, we focus on inequities in health information, and aim to reduce bias in that domain using AI. The AI algorithms under the hood of search engines and social media, many of which are based on recommender systems, have an outsized impact on the quality of medical and health information online. Therefore, embedding bias detection and reduction into these recommender systems serving up medical and health content online could have an outsized positive impact on patient outcomes and wellbeing. In this position paper, we offer the following contributions: (1) we propose a novel framework of Fairness via AI, inspired by insights from medical education, sociology and antiracism; (2) we define a new term, bisinformation, which is related to, but distinct from, misinformation, and encourage researchers to study it; (3) we propose using AI to study, detect and mitigate biased, harmful, and/or false health information that disproportionately hurts minority groups in society; and (4) we suggest several pillars and pose several open problems in order to seed inquiry in this new space. While part (3) of this work specifically focuses on the health domain, the fundamental computer science advances and contributions stemming from research efforts in bias reduction and Fairness via AI have broad implications in all areas of society.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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