$ω$ Cen is a rare example of a globular cluster where the iron abundance of the stars spans more than one order of magnitude. Many spectroscopic investigations of its red-giant- and sub-giant- branches have revealed multiple peaks in the iron abundance distribution. The metallicity distribution of main-sequence (MS) stars is not well characterized yet, due to the faintness of the stars and lack of data. So far, almost all studies of MS stars are based on photometric measurements. Our goal is to investigate the metallicity distribution of a statistically significant sample of MS stars in $ω$ Cen. In particular, we aim at revisiting the metallicity difference between the red and blue MS of the cluster. We used MUSE spectra obtained for the central region of $ω$ Cen to derive metallicities for $\approx$4200 MS stars. We find that blue MS stars are on average $\approx$0.1 dex more metal-rich than their red counterparts. On the basis of this new estimate, we find that the two sequences can be fit on the Hubble Space Telescope color-magnitude diagram with two isochrones having the same global metallicity and age but a higher helium abundance for the blue MS, that is $ΔY \lesssim$ 0.1. Furthermore, we determine the average metallicity of the five main populations along $ω$ Cen MS and these estimates are consistent with expectations from previous photometric studies.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE -- Extending the CaT-metallicity relation below the horizontal branch and applying it to multiple populations
目的。我们使用超过30,000红巨星分支(RGB)恒星的光谱在25个球状星团(GC),在银河系球状星团的MUSE调查中获得的,校准钙II三重态(CaT)的金属丰度关系,并获得所有个别恒星的金属丰度。我们调查的整体金属丰度分布,以及每个集群内的不同人群。方法. Ca II三重态在8498、8542和8662 AA处的近红外线在光谱类型介于F和M之间的恒星中可见,可以用来确定它们的金属丰度。在这项工作中,我们校准的关系,使用平均集群金属丰度从文献和MUSE光谱,并将其扩展到水平分支以下-传统上是为了避免非线性关系的截止-使用二次函数。除了基于V-VHB的经典关系外,我们还提出了基于绝对星等和光度的校准。然后使用所获得的关系来计算样本中所有恒星的金属丰度,并推导出一个星团内不同种群的金属丰度分布,这些种群已使用基于HST测光的所谓“染色体图”进行分离。结果我们发现,尽管相对较低的光谱分辨率的MUSE(R=1900-3700),我们可以得到单星金属丰度的平均统计内集群的不确定性为~0.12 dex。我们目前的金属丰度分布的RGB恒星在25 GC,并调查不同的金属丰度的人口P3(和更高)在所谓的金属络合物或II型集群,发现金属丰度的变化,在所有这些。我们还在I型星团NGC 2808中发现了意想不到的金属丰度变化,并确认了NGC 7078的II型状态。
Photometric Metallicities for 367,324 stars of Omega Centauri
Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学前沿天体物理研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University(北京师范大学物理与天文学院);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame(圣母大学物理与天文系);Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics – Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE)(核天体物理联合中心——元素演化中心)
Properties of Cataclysmic Variables in Globular Clusters
星团的研究在我们对宇宙的理解中起着重要的作用,因为这些系统是测试恒星动力学和演化理论的天然实验室。特别是,球状星团(GCs)是研究奇异系统的形成和物理性质的最重要的对象之一,这反过来又提供了基本的信息和工具,可以帮助我们了解星团本身,星系和一般的年轻宇宙的形成和演化过程。GC中最有趣的天体是激变变星(CV),它们是相互作用的双星,其中包含一颗从低质量伴星吸积而来的白矮星。由于GC密度足够高,涉及双星的动力学遭遇应该是常见的,CV祖先预计会在早期阶段以某种方式受到动力学的影响。本文综述了GC中CV的形成途径以及动力学对CV群体的影响。特别是,我们回顾了最近的进展,数值模拟。此外,我们还讨论了GC中CV的观测特性以及用于识别和研究它们的技术。我们集中讨论的多波长观测进行了与HST和钱德拉上研究最好的GC NGC 6397,NGC 6752,47 Tuccenda和欧米茄半人马座;最近的光谱研究结果与MUSE,并更新有关的数量之间的相关性微弱的X射线源和集群恒星相遇率。最后,我们讨论了一些可能有助于未来研究的观测前景。
Discovery of over a thousand variable stars in Terzan 5 and Liller 1 with JWST
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院);Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究研究所);Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)(奥地利科学技术研究院);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Università di Bologna(博洛尼塔大学物理与天文学系);INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna (OAS)(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站);Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森天体物理中心)