量子理论的未来：走出困境的出路
The Future of Quantum Theory: A Way Out of the Impasse
摘要：
在这封信中，我们指出了量子理论、量子信息和量子基础社区目前面临的三个被广泛接受的挑战：不确定性、条件概率的语义和幽灵般的超距作用。我们认为，这些问题从根本上植根于因果依赖，反事实依赖和统计依赖之间的混淆。我们认为，一个简单的，虽然有点不舒服的观点转移导致了一种出路的不可能性，以扩大超越非决定论的理论，并走向健全的量子理论的扩展，甚至可能是确定性的，但不是超确定性的可能性，将在未来出现。我们在这里提出的范式转变涉及到对自由选择的普遍接受的数学定义的非平凡放松，导致非纳什自由选择，更多地关注概率符号的选择，以及更严格地使用与因果关系，反事实和相关性相关的词汇，这是三个本质上不同的概念。
英文摘要：
In this letter, we point to three widely accepted challenges that the quantum theory, quantum information, and quantum foundations communities are currently facing: indeterminism, the semantics of conditional probabilities, and the spooky action at a distance. We argue that these issues are fundamentally rooted in conflations commonly made between causal dependencies, counterfactual dependencies, and statistical dependencies. We argue that a simple, albeit somewhat uncomfortable shift of viewpoint leads to a way out of the impossibility to extend the theory beyond indeterminism, and towards the possibility that sound extensions of quantum theory, possibly even deterministic yet not super-deterministic, will emerge in the future. The paradigm shift, which we present here, involves a non-trivial relaxation of the commonly accepted mathematical definition of free choice, leading to non-Nashian free choice, more care with the choice of probabilistic notations, and more rigorous use of vocabulary related to causality, counterfactuals, and correlations, which are three concepts of a fundamentally different nature.
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