各向异性金属流体动力学电子输运的广义设计原理
Generalized Design Principles for Hydrodynamic Electron Transport in Anisotropic Metals
摘要：
载流子与晶格振动或声子的相互作用在金属和半金属的非常规电子输运中起着关键作用。声子介导的集体电子流在大块半金属，称为电子流体力学，最近的观察，在寻找强电子-电子相互作用在高载流子密度材料的新机会。在这里，我们提出了这样一个二阶散射机制的一般运输签名，以及在Eliashberg理论水平的分析限制。我们研究电子输运，使用$ab$ $initio$计算，在有限尺寸通道的半金属ZrSiS和TaAs $_2$与拓扑带交叉，分别。动量弛豫和动量守恒散射长度尺度在很宽的温度范围内的数量级分离使它们都成为进一步实验观察电子流体力学的有希望的候选者。更一般地说，我们的计算表明，流体动力学传输制度可以实现在更广泛的类各向异性金属，并不依赖于一阶的拓扑性质的频带。最后，我们讨论了一般的设计原则，指导未来的搜索流体动力学候选人，基于分析配方和我们的$ab$ $initio$预测。我们发现，系统具有较强的电子-声子相互作用，减少电子相空间，并在感兴趣的温度下抑制声子-声子散射很可能具有流体动力学电子输运。我们预测，层状和/或各向异性半金属组成的半填充$d$ -壳和轻族V/VI元素具有较低的晶体对称性是理想的候选人，以观察流体力学现象在未来。
英文摘要：
Interactions of charge carriers with lattice vibrations, or phonons, play a critical role in unconventional electronic transport of metals and semimetals. Recent observations of phonon-mediated collective electron flow in bulk semimetals, termed electron hydrodynamics, present new opportunities in the search for strong electron-electron interactions in high carrier density materials. Here we present the general transport signatures of such a second-order scattering mechanism, along with analytical limits at the Eliashberg level of theory. We study electronic transport, using $ab$ $initio$ calculations, in finite-size channels of semimetallic ZrSiS and TaAs$_2$ with and without topological band crossings, respectively. The order of magnitude separation between momentum-relaxing and momentum-conserving scattering length-scales across a wide temperature range make both of them promising candidates for further experimental observation of electron hydrodynamics. More generally, our calculations show that the hydrodynamic transport regime can be realized in a much broader class of anisotropic metals and does not, to first order, rely on the topological nature of the bands. Finally, we discuss general design principles guiding future search for hydrodynamic candidates, based on the analytical formulation and our $ab$ $initio$ predictions. We find that systems with strong electron-phonon interactions, reduced electronic phase space, and suppressed phonon-phonon scattering at temperatures of interest are likely to feature hydrodynamic electron transport. We predict that layered and/or anisotropic semimetals composed of half-filled $d$-shells and light group V/VI elements with lower crystal symmetry are ideal candidates to observe hydrodynamic phenomena in future.
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