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arXiv 2108.13618quant-ph
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20 K下无闪烁量子点的基于纠缠的量子密钥分发

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution with a blinking-free quantum dot operated at a temperature up to 20 K

Christian Schimpf, Santanu Manna, Saimon F. Covre Da Silva, Maximilian Aigner, Armando Rastelli

摘要:

基于纠缠的量子密钥分发有望增强对窃听的鲁棒性和与未来量子网络的兼容性。除其他来源外,半导体量子点可以产生具有近乎统一纠缠保真度的偏振纠缠光子对,即使在最大亮度下,多光子发射概率也接近于零。这些性质已经在共振双光子激发(TPE)和工作温度在4和8 K之间的条件下得到证实。然而,在TPE条件下经常报告源闪烁,限制了最大可实现的光子速率。此外,使用紧凑型低温冷却器可达到的操作温度可以促进量子点的广泛部署,例如在基于卫星的量子通信中。在这里,我们展示了无闪烁发射的高度纠缠光子对从GaAs量子点嵌入在一个p-i-n二极管。高保真纠缠在至少20 K的温度下持续存在,我们使用该温度在两个建筑物之间实现了基于光纤的量子密钥分发,平均密钥速率为55 bits/s,量子比特错误率为8.4%。我们相信,通过将电气控制与已经证明的光子和应变工程相结合,量子点将继续接近现实世界应用的理想纠缠光子源。

英文摘要:

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution promises enhanced robustness against eavesdropping and compatibility with future quantum networks. Among other sources, semiconductor quantum dots can generate polarization-entangled photon pairs with near-unity entanglement fidelity and a multi-photon emission probability close to zero even at maximum brightness. These properties have been demonstrated under resonant two-photon excitation (TPE) and at operation temperatures between 4 and 8 K. However, source blinking is often reported under TPE conditions, limiting the maximum achievable photon rate. In addition, operation temperatures reachable with compact cryo-coolers could facilitate the widespread deployment of quantum dots, e.g. in satellite-based quantum communication. Here we demonstrate blinking-free emission of highly entangled photon pairs from GaAs quantum dots embedded in a p-i-n diode. High fidelity entanglement persists at temperatures of at least 20 K, which we use to implement fiber-based quantum key distribution between two building with an average key rate of 55 bits/s and a qubit error rate of 8.4%. We are confident that by combining electrical control with already demonstrated photonic and strain engineering, quantum dots will keep approaching the ideal source of entangled photons for real world applications.

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