部分电流作用下二维无规行走中到定域态的动态相变
Dynamical phase transition to localized states in the two-dimensional random walk conditioned on partial currents
摘要：
动态大偏差的研究允许的静态的格子气模型的动态观测值的平均值的条件下的平衡的表征。这个框架的应用程序的二维无规行走条件下的部分电流揭示了存在一个动态的相变之间的离域带动力学和本地化的涡旋动力学。我们提出了一个数值微观表征所涉及的阶段，并提供分析的基础上的宏观波动理论的见解。微观发电机的光谱分析表明，连续的相变是伴随着自发的$\mathbb{Z}_2$对称性破缺，从而固定的解决方案失去了反射对称性的发电机。与此类似的动力学相变，不依赖于排斥效应或相互作用，很可能在更复杂的非平衡物理模型中观察到。
英文摘要：
The study of dynamical large deviations allows for a characterization of stationary states of lattice gas models out of equilibrium conditioned on averages of dynamical observables. The application of this framework to the two-dimensional random walk conditioned on partial currents reveals the existence of a dynamical phase transition between delocalized band dynamics and localized vortex dynamics. We present a numerical microscopic characterization of the phases involved, and provide analytical insight based on the macroscopic fluctuation theory. A spectral analysis of the microscopic generator shows that the continuous phase transition is accompanied by spontaneous $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetry breaking whereby the stationary solution loses the reflection symmetry of the generator. Dynamical phase transitions similar to this one, which do not rely on exclusion effects or interactions, are likely to be observed in more complex non-equilibrium physics models.
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