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arXiv 2108.07523astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRnucl-th
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Urca过程的体粘滞性:中微子捕获区的$npeμ$物质

Bulk viscosity from Urca processes: $npeμ$ matter in the neutrino-trapped regime

Mark Alford, Arus Harutyunyan, Armen Sedrakian

摘要:

在这项工作中,我们扩展了我们以前的研究热和密集的$npe$物质的体积粘度的Urca过程中的中微子捕获制度,$npeμ$物质通过添加的μ子Urca过程以及纯轻子电弱过程,涉及电子-μ子跃迁。核物质是在相对论密度泛函方法与两种不同的参数化预测中微子为主的物质(DDME 2模型)和反中微子为主的物质(NL 3模型)在中微子/反中微子被捕获的温度。在中微子占主导地位的物质中,主要的平衡机制是轻子俘获,而在反中微子占主导地位的物质中,这是由于中子衰变。我们发现Urca过程的平衡速率比纯轻子过程的平衡速率高,这意味着Urca过程驱动的体粘滞系数可以在轻子反应冻结的情况下计算.我们发现,体积粘度随温度的下降$ζ\sim T^{-2}$在中等温度。在高温下,这种标度分解的体积粘度的急剧下降接近的温度,其中质子分数是密度无关的,物质变得标度不变。当物质经历从反中微子为主的制度到中微子为主的制度的过渡时,也会发生这种情况,其中体积粘度达到局部最大值。我们还估计了大体积粘性耗散时标,发现这些都在$\gtrsim$ 1 s的温度以上的中微子捕获温度的范围内。这些时间尺度只适用于中子星合并形成的长寿天体和核心坍缩超新星形成的热原中子星。

英文摘要:

In this work, we extend our previous study of the bulk viscosity of hot and dense $npe$ matter induced by the Urca processes in the neutrino trapped regime to $npeμ$ matter by adding the muonic Urca processes as well as the purely leptonic electroweak processes involving electron-muon transition. The nuclear matter is modeled in a relativistic density functional approach with two different parametrizations which predict neutrino dominated matter (DDME2 model) and antineutrino dominated matter (NL3 model) at temperatures for which neutrinos/antineutrinos are trapped. In the case of neutrino-dominated matter, the main equilibration mechanism is lepton capture, whereas in the case of antineutrino-dominated matter this is due to neutron decay. We find that the equilibration rates of Urca processes are higher than that of the pure leptonic processes, which implies that the Urca-process-driven bulk viscosity can be computed with the leptonic reactions assumed to be frozen. We find that the bulk viscosity decreases with temperature as $ζ\sim T^{-2}$ at moderate temperatures. At high temperatures this scaling breaks down by sharp drops of the bulk viscosity close to the temperature where the proton fraction is density-independent and the matter becomes scale-invariant. This occurs also when the matter undergoes a transition from the antineutrino-dominated regime to the neutrino-dominated regime where the bulk viscosity attains a local maximum. We also estimate the bulk viscous dissipation timescales and find that these are in the range $\gtrsim$ 1 s for temperatures above the neutrino trapping temperature. These timescales would be relevant only for long-lived objects formed in binary neutron star mergers and hot proto-neutron stars formed in core-collapse supernovas.

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