利用红外空间天文台（$ISO$）的长波光谱仪（LWS）观测数据，对超新星遗迹的远红外光谱进行了研究。我们的样本包括以前未发表的配置文件的线和连续光谱的20个信噪比在银河系和麦哲伦云。在包括G21.5-0.9、G29.7-0.3、蟹状星云和G320.4-1.2在内的几个SNR中，我们发现了[O I]、[O III]、[N II]和[C II]宽谱线的证据，这些谱线的速度色散高达几个10 $^3$ km s $^{-1}$，表明它们与高速SN喷出物有关。我们探测到的多普勒展宽的原子发射线和明亮的远红外连续暗示了SN喷出物中存在新形成的尘埃。对于G320.4-1.2，我们提出了第一次估计的喷出物尘埃质量为0.1 - 0.2 M $_\odot$，这在空间上与宽线发射相吻合，通过应用黑体模型拟合的SNR和背景发射的组件。我们的示例包括指向SNR Kes 79、CTB 109和IC 443的63，145 $μ$ m [O I]和158 $μ$ m [C II]线的光栅图。基于这些线强度，我们建议在这些SNR相互作用的冲击类型。最后，我们比较了我们的样本信噪比的LWS光谱与几个HII区的光谱，并讨论了它们的FIR线强度比和连续特性。鼓励使用具有更高空间和光谱分辨率的现代仪器（如$JWST$和$SOFIA$）进行后续观测，以便对SN喷出物和SN尘埃进行广泛研究。
英文摘要：
We present far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy of supernova remnants (SNRs) based on the archival data of the Infrared Space Observatory ($ISO$) taken with the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS). Our sample includes previously unpublished profiles of line and continuum spectra for 20 SNRs in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. In several SNRs including G21.5-0.9, G29.7-0.3, the Crab Nebula, and G320.4-1.2, we find evidence for broad [O I], [O III], [N II], and [C II] lines with velocity dispersions up to a few 10$^3$ km s$^{-1}$, indicating that they are associated with high-velocity SN ejecta. Our detection of Doppler-broadened atomic emission lines and a bright FIR continuum hints at the presence of newly formed dust in SN ejecta. For G320.4-1.2, we present the first estimate of an ejecta-dust mass of 0.1 - 0.2 M$_\odot$, which spatially coincides with the broad line emission, by applying a blackbody model fit with components of the SNR and background emission. Our sample includes raster maps of 63, 145 $μ$m [O I] and 158 $μ$m [C II] lines toward SNRs Kes 79, CTB 109, and IC 443. Based on these line intensities, we suggest interacting shock types in these SNRs. Finally, we compare our LWS spectra of our sample SNRs with the spectra of several HII regions, and discuss their FIR line intensity ratios and continuum properties. Follow-up observations with modern instruments (e.g. $JWST$ and $SOFIA$) with higher spatial and spectral resolution are encouraged for an extensive study of the SN ejecta and the SN dust.
