变化环境中生物进化的驱动无序系统方法
A Driven Disordered Systems Approach to Biological Evolution in Changing Environments
摘要：
种群的生物进化由适应度景观控制，适应度景观是从基因型到适应度的地图。然而，一个适应度景观取决于生物体的环境，并在不断变化的环境中的进化仍然知之甚少。我们研究了一个特定的抗生素耐药性细菌的进化模型，其中抗生素浓度是一个环境参数和适应度景观纳入适应低和高抗生素浓度之间的权衡。随着适应度梯度的演化动力学，系统在缓慢变化的抗生素浓度下的进化类似于外部驱动下无序物理系统的非热动力学。利用这种相似性，我们表明，我们的模型可以被描述为一个相互作用的滞后元件的系统。在驱动无序系统的情况下，抗生素浓度循环下的适应性进化被发现表现出滞后回线和记忆形成。我们得到了一些准静态浓度变化的分析结果。我们还进行了数值模拟，以研究如何修改这些影响下的驱动协议，其中浓度在离散的步骤中改变。我们的方法提供了一个一般的框架，研究图案的演化动力学在生物系统在不断变化的环境。
英文摘要：
Biological evolution of a population is governed by the fitness landscape, which is a map from genotype to fitness. However, a fitness landscape depends on the organisms environment, and evolution in changing environments is still poorly understood. We study a particular model of antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria where the antibiotic concentration is an environmental parameter and the fitness landscapes incorporate tradeoffs between adaptation to low and high antibiotic concentration. With evolutionary dynamics that follow fitness gradients, the evolution of the system under slowly changing antibiotic concentration resembles the athermal dynamics of disordered physical systems under external drives. Exploiting this resemblance, we show that our model can be described as a system with interacting hysteretic elements. As in the case of the driven disordered systems, adaptive evolution under antibiotic concentration cycling is found to exhibit hysteresis loops and memory formation. We derive a number of analytical results for quasistatic concentration changes. We also perform numerical simulations to study how these effects are modified under driving protocols in which the concentration is changed in discrete steps. Our approach provides a general framework for studying motifs of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems in a changing environment.
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