Semiconductor-based layered hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) house high-wavevector volume plasmon polariton (VPP) modes in the infrared spectral range. VPP modes have successfully been exploited in the weak-coupling regime through the enhanced Purcell effect. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between the VPP modes in a semiconductor HMM and the intersubband transition of epitaxially-embedded quantum wells. We observe clear anticrossings in the dispersion curves for the zeroth-, first-, second-, and third-order VPP modes, resulting in upper and lower polariton branches for each mode. This demonstration sets the stage for the creation of novel infrared optoelectronic structures combining HMMs with embedded epitaxial emitter or detector structures.
In this work we develop a self-consistent approach for calculation of the Purcell factor and Lamb shift in highly dispersive hyperbolic metamaterial accounting for the effective dipole frequency shift. Also we theoretically predict the possibility of spontaneous topological transition, which occurs not due to the external change of the system parameters but only due to the Lamb shift.
We consider the plasmon polaritons along a layer of hyperbolic metamaterial propagating in the plane of the anisotropy axis with an arbitrary its orientation. As a layer material, we use periodic plane-layered artificial medium or hyperbolic metamaterial of thin metal and dielectric layers and produce its homogenization. The conditions for the existence of fast, slow, leakage, gliding flowing, forward and backward plasmon-polaritons are found. The Fresnel formulas for the diffraction of a plane wave of arbitrary polarization on such a structure are obtained. The dispersion of plasmon-polariton…
Metamaterials comprising assemblies of dielectric resonators have attracted much attention due to their low intrinsic loss and isotropic optical response. In particular, metasurfaces made from silicon dielectric resonators have shown desirable behaviors such as efficient nonlinear optical conversion, spectral filtering and advanced wave-front engineering. To further explore the potential of dielectric metamaterials, we present all-dielectric metamaterials fabricated from epitaxially grown III-V semiconductors that can exploit the high second-order optical susceptibilities of III-V semiconducto…
我们分析了在半无限各向同性介质和有效单轴材料之间的界面处支持的具有双曲色散的表面电磁波。除了已知的具有双曲线色散曲线的等离子体激元类型外，有时也称为Dyakonov等离子体激元[Z. Jacob和E. E. Narimanov，APL 93，221109（2008）]，我们对具有双曲色散的两种新类型的表面波进行分类。与Dyakonov等离子体激元相反，这种波的一种类型不需要涉及双曲超材料。这些具有TE和TM电磁分量的混合偏振等离子体激元模式是定向的。其传播方向可以通过改变材料参数来控制。
Coherent nanoscale photon sources are of paramount importance to achieving all-optical communication. Several nanolasers smaller than the diffraction limit have been theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated using plasmonic cavities to confine optical fields. Such compact cavities exhibit large Purcell factors, thereby enhancing spontaneous emission, which feeds into the lasing mode. However, most plasmonic nanolasers reported so far have employed resonant nanostructures and therefore had the lasing restricted to the proximity of the resonance wavelength. Here, we report on an app…
Chalcogenide glasses are exceptional materials that show a wide contrast in optical properties upon phase change and are highly researched for reconfigurable electronic and nanophotonic devices. Here, we report the first proof-of-concept demonstration of a non-volatile, switchable hyperbolic metamaterial based on a chalcogenide glass. By using the $Ge_{2}Sb_{2}Te_{5}$ (GST) alloy as one of the components of a multilayered nanocomposite structure and exploiting its phase change property, we demonstrate a hyperbolic metamaterial in which the Type-I hyperbolic dispersion $(ε_{\perp} < 0, ε_{\para…
A numerical study of the features of the scattering of incident radiation at a periodically modulated hyperbolic metamaterial boundary was carried out. We have found optimal - sawtooth-shaped profile of the interface which provides minimal reflection. It is shown that at a certain orientation of the optical axes of the metamaterial, a subwave localization of the field occurs at the saw-tooth interface. An approximate analytical expression for the eigenmode was found. A generalization of the numerical method is implemented for calculating fields, based on the application of the Green's second i…
Hyperbolic metamaterials, horizontally stacked metal and dielectric multilayer, have recently been studied as a platform to observe optical spin Hall effect. However, the large optical spin Hall effect in the horizontal hyperbolic metamaterials accompanies extremely low transmission, which obstructs its practical applications. Reducing the sample thickness to augment the transmission causes diminishment of the shift. In this letter, we demonstrate that a vertical hyperbolic metamaterial can enhance the shift by several orders of magnitude in comparison to the shift of its horizontal counterpar…
The metamaterial is proposed which supports a mixture of three or more normal and backward electromagnetic modes with equal co-directed phase velocities and mutually contra-directed energy fluxes. This enables extraordinary three-wave mixing, greatly enhanced optical parametric amplification and frequency-changing generation of entangled photons in the reflection direction. Proof-of-principle numerical simulation of such processes is presented based on the particular example of the wave-guided THz waves contra-propagating in the metamaterial made of carbon nanotubes.
Hyperbolic plasmonic metamaterials provide numerous opportunities for designing unusual linear and nonlinear optical properties. We show that the modal overlap of fundamental and second-harmonic light in an anisotropic plasmonic metamaterial slab results in the broadband enhancement of radiated second-harmonic intensity by up to 2 orders of magnitudes for TM- and TE-polarized fundamental light, compared to a smooth Au film under TM-polarised illumination. The results open up possibilities to design tuneable frequency-doubling metamaterial with the goal to overcome limitations associated with c…
We derive the energy density associated with an electromagnetic wave passing through a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM). Both types of HMMs are studied. By considering a dispersive and absorbing HMM as an effective uniaxial crystal, we find that under the influence of an electromagnetic wave, the response of type I (type II) HMM in the directions perpendicular to and parallel to the optical axis are similar to those of Lorentz (Drude) and Drude (Lorentz) media, respectively. Numerical examples are presented to reveal the general characteristics of the direction-dependent energy storage capacity o…
A metamaterial made by stacked hole-array layers known as a fishnet metamaterial behaves as a hyperbolic metamaterial at wavelength much longer than hole-array period. However, the analytical formulae of effective parameters of a fishnet metamaterial have not been reported hindering the design of deep-subwavelength imaging devices using this structure. We report the new closed-form formulae of effective parameters comprising anisotropic dispersion relation of a fishnet metamaterial working at terahertz or microwave frequency. These effective parameters of a fishnet metamaterial are consistent …
The active and nonlinear graphene properties are limited due to weak light matter interaction between the ultrathin graphene and the incident light. In this work, we present enhanced nonlinear effects at the low terahertz (THz) range by designing a new patterned graphene hyperbolic metamaterial (GHMM). More specifically, it is demonstrated that the third harmonic generation (THG) can be significantly enhanced by the proposed GHMM due to the field enhancement at the resonance as well as the supported slow light response that fosters strong light matter interaction.
We present how to physically realize the auxiliary source described in the recently introduced active plasmon injection loss compensation scheme for enhanced near-field superlensing. Particularly, we show that the characteristics of the auxiliary source described in the active plasmon injection scheme including tunable narrow-band and selective amplification via convolution can be realized by using a hyperbolic metamaterial functioning as a near-field spatial filter. Besides loss compensation, the proposed near-field spatial filter can be useful for real-time high resolution edge detection.
Photonic spin Hall effect in transmission is a transverse beam shift of the out-coming beam depending on polarization of the in-coming beam. The effect can be significantly enhanced by materials with high anisotropy. We report the first experimental demonstration of the photonic spin Hall effect in a multilayer hyperbolic metamaterial at visible wavelengths (wavelengths of 520 nm and 633 nm). The metamaterial is composed of alternating layers of gold and alumina with deeply-subwavelength thicknesses, exhibiting extremely large anisotropy. The angle resolved polarimetric measurements showed the…
A thermal antenna is an electromagnetic source which emits in its surrounding, a spatially coherent field in the infrared frequency range. Usually, its emission pattern changes with the wavelength so that the heat flux it radiates is weakly directive. Here, we show that a class of hyperbolic materials, possesses a Brewster angle which is weakly dependent on the wavelength, so that they can radiate like a true thermal antenna with a highly directional heat flux. The realization of these sources could open a new avenue in the field of thermal management in far-field regime.
Manipulating the property of iso-frequency contour (IFC) will provide a powerful control for the interaction between light and matter. Importantly, hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), a class of artificial anisotropic materials with hyperbolic IFC have been intensively investigated. Because of the open dispersion curves, HMMs support propagating high-k modes and possess enhanced photonic density of states. As a result, HMMs can be utilized to realize hyper-lens breaking the diffraction limit, meta-cavity laser with subwavelength scale, high sensitivity sensor, long-range energy transfer and so on…
Carefully designed nanostructures can inspire new type of optomechanical interactions and allow surpassing limitations set by classical diffractive optical elements. Apart from strong near-field localization, nanostructured environment allows controlling scattering channels and might tailor many-body interactions. Here we investigate an effect of optical binding, where several particles demonstrate a collective mechanical behaviour of bunching together in a light field. In contrary to classical binding, where separation distances between particles are diffraction limited, an auxiliary hyperbol…
It is well known that extraordinary photons in hyperbolic metamaterials may be described as living in an effective Minkowski spacetime, which is defined by the peculiar form of the strongly anisotropic dielectric tensor in these metamaterials. Here we demonstrate that within the scope of this approximation the sound waves in hyperbolic metamaterials look similar to gravitational waves, and therefore the quantized sound waves (phonons) look similar to gravitons. Such an analogue model of quantum gravity looks especially interesting near the phase transitions in hyperbolic metamaterials where it…
Coulomb interaction of charges in a metamaterial may be expressed via its effective dielectric response function. Coulomb interaction appears considerably enhanced in artificially engineered epsilon near zero (ENZ) and hyperbolic metamaterials. Indeed, very recently it was observed that negative ENZ conditions enhance superconducting properties of a composite metamaterial via enhancement of Cooper pairing. Here we demonstrate that positive ENZ conditions enhance Coulomb repulsion of charges, leading to considerable enhancement of the Coulomb blockade effect in such metamaterials. Similar to hi…
A fundamental building block for on-chip quantum photonics is a single-photon source with high repetition rates, which can enable many applications such as high-speed quantum communication and quantum information processing. Ideally, such single photon sources would then require a large on-chip photon extraction decay rate, namely the rate of excited photons coupled into nanofibers or waveguides, over a broad spectral range. However, this goal has remained elusive till date. Here we propose a feasible scheme to enhance the on-chip photon extraction decay rate of quantum emitters, through the t…
We theoretically investigate coupling interaction between molecule excitons and whispering gallery modes (WGMs) that approaches the limit of single exciton strong coupling in hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) cavity, composed of a dielectric core wrapped by several stacks of alternative layers of metal and dielectric. We demonstrate that associated with the excitation of the whispering gallery mode, the electric fields with resonance wavelengths that are much larger than the cavity size can be highly localized within a dielectric layer, leading to extremely small mode volumes. By using temporal co…
Recent advances in hyperbolic metamaterials have spurred many breakthroughs in the field of manipulating light propagation. However, the unusual electromagnetic properties also put extremely high demands on its compositional materials. Limited by the finite relative permittivity of the natural materials, the effective permittivity of the constructed hyperbolic metamaterials is also confined to a narrow range. Here, based on the proposed concept of structure-induced spoof surface plasmon, we prove that arbitrary materials can be selected to construct the hyperbolic metamaterials with independen…
Limited by the cost and complexity, superresolution lithography is hard to achieve through the traditional interference lithography. We here developed the plasmonic interference lithography technique by using a hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) / photoresist / metal plasmonic waveguide to push the feature sizes theoretically down to 16 nm and even to 11 nm at the wavelength of 365 nm with TM polarization. The waveguide based on the proposed HMMs can support high-k mode for superresolution lithography. Furthermore, plasmonic mode supported in the proposed lithography structure can be tailored by …
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) are engineered materials with a hyperbolic isofrequency surface, enabling a range of novel phenomena and applications including negative refraction, enhanced sensing, and subdiffraction imaging, focusing, and waveguiding. Existing HMMs primarily work in the visible and infrared spectral range due to the inherent properties of their constituent materials. Here we demonstrate a THz-range Dirac HMM using topological insulators (TIs) as the building blocks. We find that the structure houses up to three high-wavevector volume plasmon polariton (VPP) modes, consistent…
