We prove an identity relating the permanent of a rank $2$ matrix and the determinants of its Hadamard powers. When viewed in the right way, the resulting formula looks strikingly similar to an identity of Carlitz and Levine, suggesting the possibility that these are actually special cases of some more general identity (or class of identities) connecting permanents and determinants. The proof combines some basic facts from the theory of symmetric functions with an application of a famous theorem of Binet and Cauchy in linear algebra.
We define two new families of polynomials that generalize permanents and prove upper and lower bounds on their determinantal complexities comparable to the known bounds for permanents. One of these families is obtained by replacing permutations by signed permutations, and the other by replacing permutations by surjective functions with preimages of prescribed sizes.
In this paper, we show how general determinants may be viewed as generating functions of nonintersecting lattice paths, using the Lindström-Gessel-Viennot interpretation of semistandard Young tableaux and the Jacobi-Trudi identity together with elementary observations. After some preparations, this point of view provides very simple "graphical proofs" for classical determinantal identities like the Cauchy--Binet formula, Dodgson's condensation formula, the Plücker relations and Laplace's expansion. Also, a determinantal identity generalizing Dodgson's condensation formula is presented, which m…
A determinantal approximation is obtained for the permanent of a doubly stochastic matrix. For moderate-deviation matrix sequences, the asymptotic relative error is of order $O(n^{-1})$.
Some applications of a result, which is proved recently, is considered. We first prove three determinantal identities concerning the binomial coefficient and Stirling numbers of the first and the second kind. We also easily obtain the inverse of the Vandermonde matrix. Then we derive a recurrence formula for sums of powers, which is similar to the well-known Newton identity. In the last section, we consider some sequences given by a homologous linear recurrence equation. A determinantal identity for the Fibonacci numbers of higher order is proved. We finish with an expression of the generalize…
In this paper, we prove a conjecture raised by Zhi-Wei Sun in 2018 by the eigenvectors-eigenvalues identity found by Denton, Parke, Tao and X. Zhang in 2019.
Let $A=(a_{ij})$ be an $n$-by-$n$ matrix. For any real number $μ$, we define the polynomial $$P_μ(A)=\sum_{σ\in S_n} a_{1σ(1)}\cdots a_{nσ(n)}\,μ^{\ell(σ)}\; ,$$ as the $μ$-permanent of $A$, where $\ell(σ)$ is the number of inversions of the permutation $σ$ in the symmetric group $S_n$. In this note, we review several less known results of the $μ$-permanent, recalling some of its interesting properties. Some determinantal conjectures are considered and extended to that polynomial. A correction to a previous note is presented as well.
Let $n$ be a positive integer, and define the rational function $S(x_1,\ldots,x_{2n})$ as the permanent of the matrix $[x_{j,k}]_{1\le j,k\le 2n}$, where $$x_{j,k}=\begin{cases}(x_j+x_k)/(x_j-x_k)&\text{if}\ j\not=k,\\1&\text{if}\ j=k.\end{cases}$$ We give an explicit formula for $S(x_1,\ldots,x_{2n})$ which has the following consequence: If one of the variables $x_1,\ldots,x_{2n}$ takes zero, then $S(x_1,\ldots,x_{2n})$ vanishes, i.e., $$\sum_{τ\in S_{2n}}\prod_{j=1\atop τ(j)\not=j}^{2n}\frac{x_j+x_{τ(j)}}{x_j-x_{τ(j)}}=0,$$ where we view an empty product $\prod_{i\in\emptyset}a_i$ as $1$. As…
We show that the permanent of a matrix is a linear combination of determinants of block diagonal matrices which are simple functions of the original matrix. To prove this, we first show a more general identity involving α-permanents: for arbitrary complex numbers αand β, we show that the α-permanent of any matrix can be expressed as a linear combination of β-permanents of related matrices. Some other identities for the α-permanent of sums and products of matrices are shown, as well as a relationship between the α-permanent and general immanants. We conclude with a discussion of the computation…
Scott considered the determinant of 1/(y-z)^2, with y,z running over two sets X,Y of size n, and determined its specialisation when Y and Z are the roots of y^n-a and z^n-b. We give the same specialisation for the determinant 1/\prod_x(xy-z), where {x} is an arbitrary set of indeterminates. The case of the Gaudin-Izergin-Korepin is for {x}={q,1/q}.
Starting with the zero-square "zeon algebra" the connection with permanents is shown. Permanents of sub-matrices of a linear combination of the identity matrix and all-ones matrix leads to moment polynomials with respect to the exponential distribution. A permanent trace formula analogous to MacMahon's Master Theorem is presented and applied. Connections with permutation groups acting on sets and the Johnson association scheme arise. The families of numbers appearing as matrix entries turn out to be related to interesting variations on derangements. These generalized derangements are considere…
The classical Selberg integral contains a power of the Vandermonde determinant. When that power is a square, it is easy to prove Selberg's identity by interpreting it as a determinant of one-variable integrals. We give similar proofs of summation and transformation formulas for continuous and discrete elliptic Selberg integrals. In the continuous case, the same proof was previously given by Noumi. Special cases of these identities have found applications in combinatorics.
Expressions involving the product of the permanent with the (n-1)th power of the determinant of a matrix of indeterminates, and of (0,1)-matrices, are shown to be related to two conjectures that extend the Alon-Tarsi Latin square conjecture to odd dimensions. An identity involving an alternating sum of permanents of (0,1)-matrices is obtained.
We prove a determinantal identity concerning Schur functions for 2-staircase diagrams lambda=(ln+l',ln,l(n-1)+l',l(n-1),...,l+l',l,l',0). When l=1 and l'=0 these functions are related to the partition function of the 6-vertex model at the combinatorial point and hence to enumerations of Alternating Sign Matrices. A consequence of our result is an identity concerning the doubly-refined enumerations of Alternating Sign Matrices.
In this paper we give combinatorial proofs of some well known identities and obtain some generalizations. We give a visual proof of a result of Chapman and Costas-Santos regarding the determinant of sum of matrices. Also we find a new identity expressing permanent of sum of matrices. Besides, we give a graphical interpretation of Newton-Girard identity.
We describe immanants as trivial modules of the symmetric group and show that any homogeneous polynomial of degree n on the space of n by n matrices preserved up to scalar by left and right action by diagonal matrices and conjugation by permutation matrices is a linear combination of immanants. we prove that the identity component of the stabilizer of any immanant (except determinant, permanent) is the expected one. We also prove that for n>5 the stabilizer of the immanant of any non-symmetric partition (except determinant and permanent) is again the expected one.
We characterize genus g canonical curves by the vanishing of combinatorial products of g+1 determinants of Brill-Noether matrices. This also implies the characterization of canonical curves in terms of (g-2)(g-3)/2 theta identities. A remarkable mechanism, based on a basis of H^0(K_C) expressed in terms of Szego kernels, reduces such identities to a simple rank condition for matrices whose entries are logarithmic derivatives of theta functions. Such a basis, together with the Fay trisecant identity, also leads to the solution of the question of expressing the determinant of Brill-Noether matri…
Fully inhomogeneous spin Hall-Littlewood symmetric rational functions $\mathsf{F}_λ$ arise in the context of $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ higher spin six vertex models, and are multiparameter deformations of the classical Hall-Littlewood symmetric polynomials. We obtain a refined Cauchy identity expressing a weighted sum of the product of two $\mathsf{F}_λ$'s as a determinant. The determinant is of Izergin-Korepin type: it is the partition function of the six vertex model with suitably decorated domain wall boundary conditions. The proof of equality of two partition functions is based on the Yang-Baxter…
The objective of this paper is to develop a general algebraic theory of supertropical matrix algebra, extending [11]. Our main results are as follows: * The tropical determinant (i.e., permanent) is multiplicative when all the determinants involved are tangible. * There exists an adjoint matrix $\adj{A}$ such that the matrix $A \adj{A}$ behaves much like the identity matrix (times $|A|$). * Every matrix $A$ is a supertropical root of its Hamilton-Cayley polynomial $f_A$. If these roots are distinct, then $A$ is conjugate (in a certain supertropical sense) to a diagonal matrix. * The tropical d…
State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院数学科学学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学数学科学学院）
