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arXiv 2108.02155cs.CVcs.LG
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用归一化流改进多注释医学图像分割中的任意不确定性量化

Improving Aleatoric Uncertainty Quantification in Multi-Annotated Medical Image Segmentation with Normalizing Flows

Eindhoven University of Technology(埃因霍温理工大学)

M. M. A. Valiuddin, C. G. A. Viviers, R. J. G. van Sloun, P. H. N. de With, F. van der Sommen

摘要:

量化医学图像分割应用中的不确定性是必不可少的,因为它通常与重要的决策有关。在量化图像分割架构中的不确定性方面已经做出了令人信服的尝试,例如,学习以输入图像为条件的密度分割模型。在这一领域的典型工作限制这些学习的密度是严格的高斯。在本文中,我们建议通过引入归一化流(NF)来使用更灵活的方法,这使得学习的密度更加复杂,并有助于对不确定性进行更准确的建模。我们通过采用ProbabilityU-Net并使用NF增强后验密度来证明这一假设,使其更具表达力。我们分别对多注释和单注释LIDC-IDRI和Kvasir-SEG分割数据集进行的定性和定量(GED和IoU)评估显示出明显的改进。这在任意不确定性的量化和高达14%的预测性能提高中最为明显。这一结果强烈表明,一个更灵活的密度模型,应认真考虑在架构,试图捕捉分割模糊通过密度建模。这种改进的建模的好处将增加人们对注释和分割的信心,并使该技术在实践中得到广泛采用。

英文摘要:

Quantifying uncertainty in medical image segmentation applications is essential, as it is often connected to vital decision-making. Compelling attempts have been made in quantifying the uncertainty in image segmentation architectures, e.g. to learn a density segmentation model conditioned on the input image. Typical work in this field restricts these learnt densities to be strictly Gaussian. In this paper, we propose to use a more flexible approach by introducing Normalizing Flows (NFs), which enables the learnt densities to be more complex and facilitate more accurate modeling for uncertainty. We prove this hypothesis by adopting the Probabilistic U-Net and augmenting the posterior density with an NF, allowing it to be more expressive. Our qualitative as well as quantitative (GED and IoU) evaluations on the multi-annotated and single-annotated LIDC-IDRI and Kvasir-SEG segmentation datasets, respectively, show a clear improvement. This is mostly apparent in the quantification of aleatoric uncertainty and the increased predictive performance of up to 14 percent. This result strongly indicates that a more flexible density model should be seriously considered in architectures that attempt to capture segmentation ambiguity through density modeling. The benefit of this improved modeling will increase human confidence in annotation and segmentation, and enable eager adoption of the technology in practice.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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