用运动的拉比振荡涡旋塑造光的拓扑
Shaping the topology of light with a moving Rabi-oscillating vortex
摘要：
量子涡旋是光学、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体、超流体和超导体中经典涡旋的类似物，它们提供旋转和轨道角动量的基本模式。虽然它们在非线性流体中介导重要的对相互作用和相变，但它们的线性动力学对于复杂光的成形以及多组分系统中的拓扑实体（例如全布洛赫光束）是有用的。在这里，设置一个量子涡旋到一个开放的耗散流体的微腔极化激元的定向运动，我们观察到的自分裂的包，导致其质心的抖动运动，而涡核进行超快螺旋沿发散和收敛的圆圈，在亚皮秒进动的方式。这种奇异的动力学是伴随着涡旋-反涡旋对的创建和湮灭，以及周期性变化的拓扑电荷。螺旋和分支机制代表了基础布洛赫赝自旋空间的直接表现，其映射被证明是旋转和分裂本身。它的重塑是由于三个同时驱动器沿不同方向的动量和复频率，通过差分群速度，拉比频率和耗散率，这是自然资产耦合场，如极化激元。这种状态显示出带有振荡角动量的线性动量，证实了多组分和开放量子流体的丰富性及其实现光的复杂和动态拓扑纹理的内在潜力。
英文摘要：
Quantum vortices are the analogue of classical vortices in optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids and superconductors, where they provide the elementary mode of rotation and orbital angular momentum. While they mediate important pair interactions and phase transitions in nonlinear fluids, their linear dynamics is useful for the shaping of complex light, as well as for topological entities in multi-component systems, such as full Bloch beams. Here, setting a quantum vortex into directional motion in an open-dissipative fluid of microcavity polaritons, we observe the self-splitting of the packet, leading to the trembling movement of its center of mass, whereas the vortex core undergoes ultrafast spiraling along diverging and converging circles, in a sub-picosecond precessing fashion. This singular dynamics is accompanied by vortex-antivortex pairs creation and annihilation, and a periodically changing topological charge. The spiraling and branching mechanics represent a direct manifestation of the underlying Bloch pseudospin space, whose mapping is shown to be rotating and splitting itself. Its reshaping is due to three simultaneous drives along the distinct directions of momentum and complex frequency, by means of the differential group velocities, Rabi frequency and dissipation rates, which are natural assets in coupled fields such as polaritons. This state, displaying linear momentum dressed with oscillating angular momentum, confirms the richness of multi-component and open quantum fluids and their innate potentiality to implement sophisticated and dynamical topological textures of light.
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