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arXiv 2108.01656eess.SP
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基于卷积神经网络的开集无线标准分类

Open Set Wireless Standard Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Samuel R. Shebert, Anthony F. Martone, R. Michael Buehrer

摘要:

在拥挤的电磁环境中,认知无线电需要了解其他发射源,以优化其动态频谱接入策略。深度学习分类算法已被用于以高精度识别发射器的无线信号标准,但仅限于对其训练集中出现的信号类别进行分类。这降低了部署在现场的深度学习分类器的性能,因为它们无法准确识别来自训练集之外的类的信号。本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的开集分类器,它能够通过对输出的S形激活进行阈值化来检测信号是否来自已知类别。开集分类器是在4G LTE、5G NR、IEEE 802.11ax、蓝牙低功耗5.0和窄带物联网信号上训练的,这些信号受到瑞利或莱斯衰落、AWGN、频率偏移和同相/正交不平衡的影响。然后,在OFDM、SC-FDMA、SC、AM和FM信号上测试分类器,这些信号没有出现在训练集类中。闭集分类器对于SNR大于0 dB的已知信号实现了94.5%的平均准确度,但通过设计,具有0%的准确度检测来自未知类别的信号。另一方面,开集分类器对于已知信号类别保持86%的准确度,但可以检测到来自SNR大于0 dB的未知类别的95.5%的信号。

英文摘要:

In congested electromagnetic environments, cognitive radios require knowledge about other emitters in order to optimize their dynamic spectrum access strategy. Deep learning classification algorithms have been used to recognize the wireless signal standards of emitters with high accuracy, but are limited to classifying signal classes that appear in their training set. This diminishes the performance of deep learning classifiers deployed in the field because they cannot accurately identify signals from classes outside of the training set. In this paper, a convolution neural network based open set classifier is proposed with the ability to detect if signals are not from known classes by thresholding the output sigmoid activation. The open set classifier was trained on 4G LTE, 5G NR, IEEE 802.11ax, Bluetooth Low Energy 5.0, and Narrowband Internet-of-Things signals impaired with Rayleigh or Rician fading, AWGN, frequency offsets, and in-phase/quadrature imbalances. Then, the classifier was tested on OFDM, SC-FDMA, SC, AM, and FM signals, which did not appear in the training set classes. The closed set classifier achieves an average accuracy of 94.5% for known signals with SNR's greater than 0 dB, but by design, has a 0% accuracy detecting signals from unknown classes. On the other hand, the open set classifier retains an 86% accuracy for known signal classes, but can detect 95.5% of signals from unknown classes with SNR's greater than 0 dB.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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