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arXiv 2108.01529eess.SPcs.LG
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基于隐式信道估计的FDD大规模多输入多输出可扩展波束形成的神经网络校正

Neural Calibration for Scalable Beamforming in FDD Massive MIMO with Implicit Channel Estimation

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学);The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(香港理工大学)

Yifan Ma, Yifei Shen, Xianghao Yu, Jun Zhang, S. H. Song, Khaled B. Letaief

摘要:

信道估计和波束形成在频分双工(FDD)大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中起着关键作用。然而,这两个模块已被视为两个独立的组件,这使得很难实现全局系统最优。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于深度学习的方法,该方法根据接收到的上行链路导频直接优化基站处的波束成形器,从而绕过显式信道估计。与现有的完全数据驱动的方法不同,其中所有模块都被深度神经网络(DNN)取代,提出了一种神经校准方法,以提高端到端设计的可扩展性。特别是,传统的时间有效算法的骨干,即,最小二乘(LS)信道估计器和迫零(ZF)波束形成器被保留,并且DNN被利用来校准它们的输入以获得更好的性能。然后确定所制定的资源分配问题的置换等方差属性,以设计一个低复杂度的神经网络架构。仿真结果将显示所提出的神经校准方法的优越性,在大规模无线网络的频谱效率和可扩展性方面的基准计划。

英文摘要:

Channel estimation and beamforming play critical roles in frequency-division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, these two modules have been treated as two stand-alone components, which makes it difficult to achieve a global system optimality. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach that directly optimizes the beamformers at the base station according to the received uplink pilots, thereby, bypassing the explicit channel estimation. Different from the existing fully data-driven approach where all the modules are replaced by deep neural networks (DNNs), a neural calibration method is proposed to improve the scalability of the end-to-end design. In particular, the backbone of conventional time-efficient algorithms, i.e., the least-squares (LS) channel estimator and the zero-forcing (ZF) beamformer, is preserved and DNNs are leveraged to calibrate their inputs for better performance. The permutation equivariance property of the formulated resource allocation problem is then identified to design a low-complexity neural network architecture. Simulation results will show the superiority of the proposed neural calibration method over benchmark schemes in terms of both the spectral efficiency and scalability in large-scale wireless networks.

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