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arXiv 2108.01396astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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利用Gaia观测疏散星团中的蓝离散星:对星团参数的依赖性和可能的形成途径

Blue Straggler Stars in Open Clusters using Gaia: Dependence on Cluster Parameters and Possible Formation Pathways

Vikrant Jadhav, Annapurni Subramaniam

摘要:

蓝离散星(英语:Blue straggler stars,BSS)是通过双星或更高阶恒星相互作用形成的星团中质量最大的恒星。虽然这种形成情景的确切性质很难确定,但我们提供了对不同可能机制的观测约束。在这个探索中,我们首先使用盖亚DR 2数据制作一个BSS目录。在超过3亿年的670个聚类中,我们在228个聚类中确定了868个BSS,在208个聚类中确定了500个BSS候选者。一般来说,所有年龄大于1 Gyr,质量大于1000 Msun的星团都有BSS。平均BSS数随星系团年龄和质量的增加而增加,星系团质量与星系团中BSS的最大数之间存在幂律关系。我们引入术语分数质量过剩(Me)的BSS。我们发现,至少54%的BSS具有Me $<$ 0.5(可能通过二元传质(MT)获得质量),30%在$1.0 <$ Me $< 0.5$范围内(可能通过合并获得质量),高达16%具有Me $>$ 1.0(可能来自多次合并/MT)。我们还发现,低Me BSS的百分比随着年龄的增长而增加,超过1- 2 Gyr,这表明在较老的集群中通过MT形成的增加。BSS是径向分离的,并且分离的程度取决于团簇的动力学弛豫。本文的统计结果和趋势有望对疏散星团中的BSS形成模型起到一定的约束作用。

英文摘要:

Blue straggler stars (BSSs) are the most massive stars in a cluster formed via binary or higher-order stellar interactions. Though the exact nature of such formation scenarios is difficult to pin down, we provide observational constraints on the different possible mechanism. In this quest, we first produce a catalogue of BSSs using Gaia DR2 data. Among the 670 clusters older than 300 Myr, we identified 868 BSSs in 228 clusters and 500 BSS candidates in 208 clusters. In general, all clusters older than 1 Gyr and massive than 1000 Msun have BSSs. The average number of BSSs increases with cluster age and mass, and there is a power-law relation between the cluster mass and the maximum number of BSSs in the cluster. We introduce the term fractional mass excess (Me) for BSSs. We find that at least 54\% of BSSs have Me $<$ 0.5 (likely to have gained mass through a binary mass transfer (MT)), 30\% in the $1.0 <$ Me $< 0.5$ range (likely to have gained mass through a merger) and up to 16\% with Me $>$ 1.0 (likely from multiple mergers/MT). We also find that the percentage of low Me BSSs increases with age, beyond 1--2 Gyr, suggesting an increase in formation through MT in older clusters. The BSSs are radially segregated, and the extent of segregation depends on the dynamical relaxation of the cluster. The statistics and trends presented here are expected to constrain the BSS formation models in open clusters.

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