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arXiv 2107.14732astro-ph.EP
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GJ 1214 b更精确的质量和中M矮星周围多行星系统的频率

A More Precise Mass for GJ 1214 b and the Frequency of Multi-Planet Systems Around Mid-M Dwarfs

Ryan Cloutier, David Charbonneau, Drake Deming, Xavier Bonfils, Nicola Astudillo-Defru

摘要:

我们提出了一个密集的努力,完善的质量和轨道的包裹类地行星GJ 1214 b使用165径向速度(RV)的测量与HARPS摄谱仪在一个为期十年。我们进行联合分析的RV档案斯皮策/IRAC过境和测量行星的质量和半径的$8.17\pm 0.43 M_{\oplus}$和$2.742^{+0.050}_{-0.053} R_{\oplus}$。假设GJ 1214 b是一个被H/He包层包围的类地核,我们测量到包层质量分数为$X_{\rm env}= 5.24^{+0.30}_{-0.29}$ %。GJ 1214 b仍然是一个主要的目标,二次日食观测的一个包膜的陆地,其调度受益于我们的严格约束的轨道偏心率的$<0.063$在95%的信心,这缩小了二次日食窗口到2.8小时。通过将GJ 1214与其他具有密集RV后续的中M矮行星系统相结合,我们计算了具有多个小行星的中M矮行星系统的频率,并发现具有质量为$\in [1,10] M_{\oplus}$且轨道周期为$\in [0.5,50]$天的已知行星的中M矮行星系统的$90^{+5}_{-21}$ %将至少拥有一颗额外的行星。我们排除了GJ 1214周围的其他行星在10天内下降到$3 M_{\oplus}$,这样GJ 1214在这些限制内是一个单行星系统,考虑到中M矮星周围多行星系统的普遍性,这个结果有$44^{+9}_{-5}$ %的概率。我们还调查了M中部的矮RV系统,并表明所有报告的RV行星候选者都是真正行星的概率为$<12$ %(置信度为99%),尽管这种统计参数无法识别可能的误报。

英文摘要:

We present an intensive effort to refine the mass and orbit of the enveloped terrestrial planet GJ 1214 b using 165 radial velocity (RV) measurements taken with the HARPS spectrograph over a period of ten years. We conduct a joint analysis of the RVs with archival Spitzer/IRAC transits and measure a planetary mass and radius of $8.17\pm 0.43 M_{\oplus}$ and $2.742^{+0.050}_{-0.053} R_{\oplus}$. Assuming GJ 1214 b is an Earth-like core surrounded by a H/He envelope, we measure an envelope mass fraction of $X_{\rm env}= 5.24^{+0.30}_{-0.29}$%. GJ 1214 b remains a prime target for secondary eclipse observations of an enveloped terrestrial, the scheduling of which benefits from our tight constraint on the orbital eccentricity of $<0.063$ at 95% confidence, which narrows the secondary eclipse window to 2.8 hours. By combining GJ 1214 with other mid-M dwarf transiting systems with intensive RV follow-up, we calculate the frequency of mid-M dwarf planetary systems with multiple small planets and find that $90^{+5}_{-21}$% of mid-M dwarfs with a known planet with mass $\in [1,10] M_{\oplus}$ and orbital period $\in [0.5,50]$ days, will host at least one additional planet. We rule out additional planets around GJ 1214 down to $3 M_{\oplus}$ within 10 days such that GJ 1214 is a single-planet system within these limits, a result that has a $44^{+9}_{-5}$% probability given the prevalence of multi-planet systems around mid-M dwarfs. We also investigate mid-M dwarf RV systems and show that the probability that all reported RV planet candidates are real planets is $<12$% at 99% confidence, although this statistical argument is unable to identify the probable false positives.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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