arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2107.13458cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-con
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重f电子金属的磁性

Magnetism in heavy-f-electron metals

William Knafo

摘要:

在这篇文章中,我提出了一个关于重费米子问题的个人观点,在实验指导下的唯象方法。这篇评论介绍了一套“历史”的作品,在过去的几十年里建立了主题的基础。一个详尽和系统的方法是特权。在第二章作了一般介绍之后,第三、四、五章分别讨论重费米子顺磁体、反铁磁体和铁磁体的性质。第6章和第7章专门讨论两种特定的化合物:URu $_2$ Si $_2$和UTe $_2$,前者的“隐藏有序”相是30多年来未解之谜,后者的多个超导相是近两年来发现的。使用一系列技术进行实验,从微观(中子散射,NMR等)热力学(比热,磁化强度等)和传输(电阻率等)综述了在低温、强磁场和高压等极端条件下的探针。他们表明,磁性在重费米子系统的量子临界特性中起着核心作用。强调的是给intersite的磁波动,提出作为重费米液体的驱动力,前体的量子磁临界结束在磁有序相。它们也被怀疑驱动一种非常规的超导机制,这种机制在压力或磁场下诱导的量子磁相变附近发展。重费米子化合物中的磁涨落和最终磁有序的出现发生在近整数价区,其中$f$电子具有双巡游定域特征。费米面和价的研究,这给互补的信息,这种二元性,也被认为是。

英文摘要:

In this document, I present a personal view on the heavy-fermion problem, within a phenomenological approach guided by experiments. This review presents a set of 'historical' works which established the ground bases of the thematic during the last decades. An exhaustive and systematic approach is privileged. After a general presentation in Chapter 2, the properties of heavy-fermion paramagnets, antiferromagnets, and ferromagnets are considered in Chapters 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to two specific compounds, URu$_2$Si$_2$ for which a 'hidden-order' phase constitutes a more-than-thirty-years-old unsolved mystery, and UTe$_2$, where multiple superconducting phases have been discovered in the last two years. Experiments performed using a panel of techniques ranging from microscopic (neutron scattering, NMR, etc.) to thermodynamic (specific heat, magnetization, etc.) and transport (electrical resistivity, etc.) probes, under extreme conditions of low temperatures, intense magnetic fields and high pressures, are reviewed. They show that magnetism plays a central role in the quantum critical properties of heavy-fermion systems. An emphasis is given to the intersite magnetic fluctuations, presented as the driving force for a heavy Fermi liquid, precursor of quantum magnetic criticality ending in magnetically-ordered phases. They are also suspected to drive an unconventional mechanism for superconductivity, which develops in the vicinity of quantum magnetic phase transitions induced under pressure or magnetic field. The appearance of magnetic fluctuations and ultimately magnetic order in heavy-fermion compounds occurs in a nearly-integer-valence regime, in which $f$ electrons have a dual itinerant-localized character. Fermi-surface and valence studies, which give complementary information about this duality, are also considered.

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