CERN大型强子对撞机重离子运行的性能和光度模型
Performance and luminosity models for heavy-ion operation at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
摘要：
对对撞机光度性能的良好理解，以及分析、预测和优化性能的可靠工具，对于成功规划和执行未来运行至关重要。本文提出了重离子对撞机中束流参数和亮度演化的两种不同模型。第一，对撞机时间演化（CTE）是一个粒子跟踪代码，而第二，多束流模拟（MBS），是基于束流参数的常微分方程的数值解。作为基准，我们比较了CERN大型强子对撞机（LHC）2018年Pb-Pb运行中大量物理填充的模拟和数据，发现模拟和测量数据之间的大多数参数都非常一致。这两个代码，然后独立地使用来预测在未来的重离子操作的性能，与铅铅和p-Pb碰撞，在LHC及其升级，高亮度LHC。基于不同原理的两个独立代码的使用增加了结果的可信度。
英文摘要：
A good understanding of the luminosity performance in a collider, as well as reliable tools to analyse, predict, and optimise the performance, are of great importance for the successful planning and execution of future runs. In this article, we present two different models for the evolution of the beam parameters and the luminosity in heavy-ion colliders. The first, Collider Time Evolution (CTE) is a particle tracking code, while the second, the Multi-Bunch Simulation (MBS), is based on the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations for beam parameters. As a benchmark, we compare simulations and data for a large number of physics fills in the 2018 Pb-Pb run at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), finding excellent agreement for most parameters, both between the simulations and with the measured data. Both codes are then used independently to predict the performance in future heavy-ion operation, with both Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions, at the LHC and its upgrade, the High-Luminosity LHC. The use of two independent codes based on different principles gives increased confidence in the results.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
